新疆大学留学生初级汉语口语教学现状调查与研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 20:41

【摘要】：汉语口语课程是十分重要的汉语课程。初级阶段的汉语口语首要目标是激发学生学习汉语的兴趣,营造轻松快乐的学习氛围,使留学生将所学知识充分运用到实际生活中。初级汉语口语教学的难点是如何让留学生开口说话,如何让留学生将汉语说好。本文主要调查研究新疆大学留学生汉语初级口语教学的基本状况,包括学生构成、教材使用、课程设置、师资配置、教学方法等情况。本文利用观察、采访、问卷、听课等方法收集资料,并对所收集的资料进行分析、比较、归纳、整理综合。以调查问卷形式对101名初级阶段的新疆大学的留学生进行了比较细致的调查,包括留学生的学习汉语时长及目的,他们的期望对老师是采用的教学方法,留学生对初级汉语口语教学的满意程度,希望老师上课时使用的辅助手段等。留学生因国籍、年龄、民族性格、学习习惯等因素多倾向喜欢能充分反映个性、自我才能等教学方法,如表演、情景会话；也乐于接受新生事物,敢于接受新颖的教学手段学习语言,如多媒体、投影、网络教学等手段。而我们的教师仍多沿用半交际性(伪交际性)教学方法,如提问、模仿,多采用图片、游戏、卡片等传统的教学手段,未能充分满足学生的需求,学生的学习兴趣和动力也因此而大受影响。再者,留学生多来自中亚国家,因受自身母语负迁移的影响,再加上自身信心不足、害怕出错、羞于表达等主观因素,留学生在汉语语音、语法上存在各种偏误等。根据新疆大学初级汉语口语教学中存在的这些问题与现状,本文提出了解决这些问题的相应建议与对策。对于新疆大学初级汉语口语教学教师应该多注重教学内容的多样性和实践性,采取多样化的授课方法,同时还要根据学生的实际情况,在尊重学生的自尊和心理活动的前提下,及时、有效地帮助学生更好地学习汉语,以期对提高新疆大学和整个新疆地区的留学生汉语口语的学习及汉语教学质量有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Spoken Chinese course is a very important Chinese course. The primary goal of spoken Chinese in the primary stage is to stimulate students' interest in learning Chinese, to create a relaxed and happy learning atmosphere, and to make students fully apply what they have learned in real life. The difficulty of primary oral Chinese teaching is how to make foreign students speak and how to make students speak Chinese well. This paper mainly investigates the basic situation of the primary oral Chinese teaching for foreign students in Xinjiang University, including the composition of students, the use of teaching materials, the curriculum, the allocation of teachers, the teaching methods and so on. This paper uses observation, interview, questionnaire, lectures and other methods to collect data, and to analyze, compare, summarize, organize and synthesize the collected data. In the form of a questionnaire, 101 foreign students from Xinjiang University at the primary stage were investigated in detail, including the length and purpose of the students' learning Chinese, and the teaching methods they expected to adopt to their teachers. The foreign students are satisfied with the primary oral Chinese teaching, and hope the teacher to use auxiliary measures in class. Because of their nationality, age, national character, study habits and other factors, foreign students tend to like teaching methods such as acting, situational conversation, and so on, which can fully reflect their personality and self-ability. They are also willing to accept new things. Dare to accept new teaching methods, such as multimedia, projection, network teaching and other means. However, our teachers still use semi-communicative (pseudo-communicative) teaching methods, such as asking questions, imitating, using traditional teaching methods such as pictures, games, cards, etc., which fail to fully meet the needs of students. Students' interest and motivation are also greatly affected. Moreover, most of the students come from Central Asian countries, because of the negative transfer of their mother tongue, plus their own lack of confidence, fear of error, shy of expression and other subjective factors, students in Chinese pronunciation, grammar and other errors. According to the existing problems and present situation in the primary oral Chinese teaching in Xinjiang University, this paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures to solve these problems. Teachers of primary oral Chinese teaching in Xinjiang University should pay more attention to the diversity and practicality of teaching contents, adopt diversified teaching methods, and at the same time, according to the actual situation of students, respect students' self-esteem and psychological activities. Timely and effectively help students to learn Chinese better, in the hope of improving the quality of oral Chinese learning and Chinese teaching for foreign students in Xinjiang University and the whole Xinjiang area.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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