从接受美学的角度分析张谷若的中译本《无名的裘德》

发布时间：2018-08-08 10:33

【摘要】：翻译研究的重心经历了从作者到文本,再从文本到读者的转移过程。诞生于20世纪60年代的接受美学认为,任何作品只有读者的参与才具有意义,翻译作品只有得到读者的认可才有存在的空间。另外,读者在阅读文学作品之前,其意识不是空白的,而是具有某种世界观、社会经验、与审美要求等,这就是读者的期待视野。因此,译者在翻译的过程中,需要考虑读者的接受水平和阅读需求。译者的审美期待不仅要与原作作者的审美期待相吻合,还要与目的语读者的审美期待相吻合,即“视域融合”,以目的语读者可接受的方式忠实地再现原文的内涵。接受美学的另外一个核心思想即：文本的意义具有不确定性。达到“视域融合”是译者的终极目标,而这个目标只有在译者发挥了自己的主观能动性,充分挖掘原文本中所隐含的意义,填补意义空白,才能实现。为了证明接受美学的观点,笔者选取了中国著名翻译家张谷若的译文《无名的裘德》。为了保证分析的准确性与说服力,笔者只选取了小说的第三章进行分析。张谷若先生在翻译该文的时候,以归化翻译策略为主,以异化翻译策略为辅,可读性强,充分照顾到了目的语读者的接受能力。归化翻译策略中包含大量运用具有中国特色的四字成语；对原文进行扩充以充分挖掘内涵意义；重复表达以期明了地呈现原文意义；运用山东方言替代原文的威塞克斯方言,拉近译文与中国读者的距离；以及转换句式,运用地道的汉语表达法呈现原文的意义。异化策略即指直译与注释。在源语与译入语表达方式相似的时候,张谷若运用了直译法；由于原文当中涉及宗教、建筑与神话故事,原作者哈代分别在作品的后面做了注解,张谷若便在需要作注解的页面的下方也作了注释。不仅注释的方式有所区别,内容也有所区别。张谷若没有逐字逐句地对原文注释进行翻译,而是选取重要的信息注解。总体来说,归化翻译法有利于稳定和发展译入语及译入语文化,而异化翻译法有利于传播异域文化,丰富目的语文化和语言形式,在任何情况下这两种翻译策略是共生的关系。张谷若的翻译是读者关照下的翻译,考虑到读者的期待视野会在不同的情况下发生变化,张谷若灵活自如地运用了这两种翻译策略,忠实地传达了原文的本真内涵,在挖掘原文隐含意义的基础上,实现了真正意义上的“视域融合”。
[Abstract]:The focus of translation studies has experienced a process from author to text and then from text to reader. The reception aesthetics, which was born in the 1960s, holds that any work is meaningful only with the participation of the reader, and only when the translation works is accepted by the reader can there be room for existence. In addition, before reading literary works, readers' consciousness is not blank, but they have a certain world outlook, social experience, and aesthetic requirements, which is the expectation vision of readers. Therefore, in the process of translation, the translator should consider the reader's acceptance level and reading needs. The translator's aesthetic expectation should not only coincide with the original author's aesthetic expectation, but also with the target language reader's aesthetic expectation, that is, "horizon fusion", which faithfully reproduces the connotation of the original text in a manner acceptable to the target language reader. Another core idea of receptive aesthetics is that the meaning of the text is uncertain. To achieve "horizon fusion" is the translator's ultimate goal, which can only be achieved if the translator exerts his subjective initiative, fully excavates the implied meaning in the original text and fills in the meaning gap. In order to prove the viewpoint of reception aesthetics, the author chooses Zhang Guruo, a famous Chinese translator, as the translation of Jude the unknown. In order to ensure the accuracy and persuasion of the analysis, the author only chooses the third chapter of the novel to analyze. In his translation, Zhang Gurou focuses on the domestication translation strategy, supplemented by the foreignization translation strategy, which is readability and takes full account of the receptive ability of the target language readers. The domestication translation strategy contains a large number of four-character idioms with Chinese characteristics; the original text is expanded to fully excavate the meaning of the original text; repeated expressions are used to clearly present the original meaning; and the Wessex dialect of Shandong dialect is used to replace the original text. To narrow the distance between the translated text and the Chinese readers, and to use authentic Chinese expressions to present the meaning of the original text. Alienation strategy refers to literal translation and annotation. When the source language is similar to the target language, Zhang Guru uses the literal translation method. As the original text involves religion, architecture, and mythological stories, Hardy, the original author, respectively annotates the back of his work. Zhang Gu if then the bottom of the page that needs to be annotated also made an annotation. Not only are there differences in the way they are annotated, but there are also differences in their contents. Zhang Guru does not translate the original annotation word for word, but selects the important information annotation. In general, domestication is conducive to the stabilization and development of the target language and the target culture, while foreignization is conducive to the dissemination of foreign culture and the enrichment of the target language culture and language form. In any case, these two translation strategies are symbiotic. Zhang Gu-ruo 's translation is a translation taken care of by the reader. Considering that the reader's horizon of expectation will change under different circumstances, Zhang Guru uses these two translation strategies flexibly and freely, and faithfully conveys the true meaning of the original text. On the basis of excavating the implied meaning of the original text, the real sense of "horizon fusion" is realized.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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