英汉儿童疑问句习得对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 12:05

【摘要】：儿童语言习得是一个极其复杂的过程，国内外研究者对儿童习得语言提出过很多种假设。语言本身的特点及人大脑的发展使儿童语言习得变得神秘。近20年来，儿童语言习得已渐渐发展成为一个综合性很强的跨学科研究领域。疑问句在任何一门语言中都占有很大的比重，因此也便成了重要的研究对象。儿童疑问句习得情况能直接反应儿童语言发展动态，也能反应儿童思维能力的发展水平。本课题采用个案纵向观察法对两名说汉语儿童进行长期跟踪调查研究，同时，从Brown语料库中随机抽取两名说英语儿童的语料，将数据用分类法和数理统计法进行整理，分别对说汉语与说英语儿童的是非疑问句、选择疑问句和特殊疑问句习得特征与顺序进行研究。研究结果表明：（1）说汉语儿童特殊疑问句的使用频率比是非疑问句与选择疑问句高，其中以带有特殊疑问词“什么”和“哪里”的特殊疑问句居多。说英语儿童习得是非疑问的频率较高，其中倒装结构句型居多，特殊疑问句中，以带“what”和“where”的疑问句居多。（2）说汉语儿童的习得顺序为：特殊疑问句→选择疑问句→是非疑问句。说英语儿童则为：是非疑问句→特殊疑问句→选择疑问句。（3）说汉语儿童在习得过程中，很少出现错误。然而，说英语儿童会经常出错，但错误会随着年龄的增长而减少。说英汉儿童均先习得疑问句的肯定形式，再习得否定形式，，并逐渐出现多种疑问句形式复合使用的情况。特殊疑问句在英汉儿童中的使用频率均较高。造成这些差异的原因在于：（1）语言结构的影响；（2）认知能力的影响；（3）语言输入的影响；（4）习得策略的影响。
[Abstract]:Children's language acquisition is an extremely complicated process. Researchers at home and abroad have put forward many hypotheses about children's language acquisition. The characteristics of language and the development of human brain make children's language acquisition mysterious. In the past 20 years, children's language acquisition has gradually developed into a comprehensive and interdisciplinary research field. Interrogative sentences occupy a large proportion in any language, so they have become an important research object. The acquisition of children's questions can not only reflect the development of children's language, but also reflect the development of children's thinking ability. In this paper, two Chinese speaking children were investigated by longitudinal observation method. At the same time, two English-speaking children were randomly selected from the Brown corpus, and the data were sorted out by taxonomy and mathematical statistics. The acquisition characteristics and order of Chinese and English-speaking children's non-interrogative sentences were studied respectively. The results show that: (1) Chinese children use special questions more frequently than non-interrogative and selective interrogative sentences, and most of them are special questions with special interrogatives "what" and "where". English speaking children have a higher frequency of acquisition of non-interrogative sentences, in which inverted sentence patterns are more frequent, and in special interrogative sentences, Questions with "what" and "where" are the most common. (2) the acquisition order of Chinese speaking children is as follows: special interrogative sentences select interrogative sentences and non-interrogative sentences. English speaking children are: non-interrogative sentences and special interrogative sentences. (3) Chinese speaking children seldom make mistakes in the process of acquisition. However, English-speaking children often make mistakes, but errors decrease with age. It is said that both English and Chinese children acquire positive forms of interrogative sentences and then acquire negative forms. Special questions are frequently used in both English and Chinese children. The reasons for these differences are: (1) the influence of language structure; (2) the influence of cognitive ability; (3) the influence of language input; (4) the influence of acquisition strategy.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H193.1

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