汉语介词对母语为英语的学习者困难层级分析及教学对策

发布时间：2018-08-08 21:57

【摘要】：国内外对汉语介词的研究已有很多，但尚未有人用语法困难层级模式对汉语介词进行过分析。本文运用对比分析理论和语言困难层级模式理论，分析母语为英语的学生学习汉语介词的困难层级，比较不同汉语介词的困难层级，为对外汉语教学提供帮助。本文分为四个部分。第一部分是绪论。介绍本文选题的原因、理论基础以及研究方法。汉语介词的用法比较复杂，和英语中的介词用法相比差异很大，学生学起来难度较大。第二部分讨论汉语介词的困难层级。本文选择王还（1995）在《对外汉语教学语法大纲》中列出的介词作为分析的对象，参考语法困难层级分类模式和困难层级制，分析汉语介词的困难层级分类模式，把汉语介词按照从易到难的顺序排序，属于0级的介词有“当、由于”，属于1级的介词有“除了、除”，属于3级的介词有“比、沿着、沿、顺着、顺”，属于4级的介词有“把、将”，其余的40个介词属于5级，其中单纯属于5级的介词有“作为、至于、随着”，同时属于5级和3级的介词有“离、和、跟、同、与、关于、替、论”，同时属于5级和4级的介词有“自从”，同时属于5级、3级和4级的介词有“被、为、为了、给、向、朝、往、在、从、打、自、对、叫、让、趁、对于、按、按照、照、以、由、于、根据、据、依、依照、凭、连”，并根据这一排序预测汉语介词对母语为英语的学习者的难度层级。第三部分是教学建议。建议教材的编排要遵循由易到难的原则，合理安排教学重点，在课堂教学中注重英汉对比，着重讲解英汉语法不同点，近义介词的不同点，以及介词的固定搭配。第四部分是对全文分析的小结。本文用CliffordPrator的困难层级模式对汉语介词进行分析后认为这个模式分得不够细，不太能预测出介词的困难层级模式。由于多数汉语介词和英语介词的意义是交叉关系，一个英语介词可以对应几个汉语介词，这些汉语介词按照CliffordPrator的困难层级模式分析属于第5级，，这些汉语介词共有40个，占汉语介词的大多数，不能很好的区分介词的困难层级。本文用CliffordPrator的困难层级模式对属于第5级的介词进行进一步的细分，把属于第5级的介词根据其具有的属于其他级别的特点按照由易到难的顺序再次排序，这样可以进一步细分介词的困难层级。
[Abstract]:There have been many studies on Chinese prepositions at home and abroad, but no one has analyzed Chinese prepositions with grammatical difficulty level. This paper uses the theory of contrastive analysis and the theory of language difficulty level to analyze the difficult level of Chinese prepositions for English learners to learn Chinese prepositions, and to compare the difficulties of different Chinese prepositions to the foreign Han Dynasty. Language teaching helps.
This article is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction. It introduces the reasons for the topic, the theoretical basis and the research method. The usage of the Chinese preposition is very complex, it is very different from the usage of the prepositions in English, and it is difficult for students to learn.
The second part discusses the difficult level of the Chinese preposition. This article selects the preposition listed in the syllabus of teaching Chinese teaching Chinese as a target of analysis, with reference to the grammatical difficulty level classification model and the difficult level system, to analyze the classification model of the difficult level of Chinese prepositions, and to sort the Chinese prepositions in order from easy to difficult order. The prepositions at the 0 level have "when, because", the prepositions belonging to the 1 level have "except, except", the prepositions belonging to the 3 level have "ratio, along, along, along, and Shun", the prepositions belonging to the 4 level are "go,", and the remaining 40 prepositions belong to the 5 level, and the prepositions that belong to the 5 level are "as, as to, along with", and the prepositions belonging to the 5 and 3 levels are "away," And, heel, and, and, on, for, theory, at the same time belonging to the 5 and 4 levels of prepositions have "since", at the same time belonging to the 5, 3 and 4 levels of prepositions have "to be, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, according to, according, according to, to be", and to predict Chinese prepositions according to this sort. The mother tongue is the difficulty level of the English learners.
The third part is teaching advice. It is suggested that the arrangement of teaching materials should follow the principle of easy to difficulty, arrange the emphasis of teaching reasonably, pay attention to the English and Chinese contrast in the classroom teaching, emphasize the differences between English and Chinese grammar, the different points of the prepositional prepositions, and the fixed collocation of prepositions.
The fourth part is a summary of the full text analysis. In this paper, after the analysis of the Chinese prepositions in CliffordPrator's difficult level model, this model is not very thin enough to predict the difficult level of the preposition. Because most Chinese Prepositions and English prepositions are interrelated, an English preposition can correspond to several Han Chinese. The Chinese prepositions are classified into fifth levels according to the difficulty level model of CliffordPrator, which have 40 Chinese prepositions, which account for the majority of the Chinese prepositions, and can not distinguish the difficult level of the prepositions very well. This paper makes a further subdivision of the fifth level prepositions with the difficult level pattern of CliffordPrator, which belongs to fifth. The prepositions of level 1 are reordered in order from easy to difficult according to their characteristics belonging to other levels, thus further subdividing the difficult levels of prepositions.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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