现代汉语“有A有B”格式多角度考察

发布时间：2018-08-25 19:49

【摘要】：本文选取现代汉语“有A有B”格式进行专题考察,通过对“有A有B”格式进行共时平面上的详细描写，进而尝试从语法化和认知语法的角度对此类格式的某些现象加以解释，希望能够丰富对“类固定短语”的研究并更加有效地应用到教学当中。不包括绪论和结语，全文共分四章。第一章考察“有A有B”格式的结构特点和句法功能。通过对“有A有B”格式的结构特点和句法分布的倾向性问题的考察。我们发现进入格式的A、B形式多样，语法性质上多是同类的，而且A、B由两个体词性语素或词构成的格式要明显多于由两个谓词性和加词性的语素或词构成的格式。“有A有B”格式在句子中的句法功能比较灵活，可以充当主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语，其中做谓语的情况最多。由此我们认为，“有A有B”格式从结构类别上来看，为两个述宾短语并列组成的联合短语；从功能上来看，这个格式的陈述性很强，由此可以判断“有A有B”格式属于谓词性短语。第二章对“有A有B”格式的语义进行了分析。本章考察了“有A有B”格式内部及外部的语义关系，归纳了A和B之间的语义关系类型及整个格式的语义特征，并对制约格式中A、B位序的因素进行了分析总结。经过对“有A有B”格式语义关系的考察分析，我们认为此格式形式简明，表义丰富，可以表达种种不同的意思，变化多样，非常灵活，适合于不同的表达需要，在现代汉语的实际运用中发挥着重要作用。第三章对“有A有B”格式进行了认知分析。本章尝试运用概念隐喻理论、概念整合理论以及关联理论等相关认知理论对格式的形成及发展的认知过程进行考察分析，认为格式构成的短语形成了一个发展的连续统，即：临时短语、类固定短语、固定短语（主要指成语），在分析此格式时引入了“类固定短语”概念。尝试建立了格式的等级划分标准，并对格式进行了等级划分，我们把格式的静态、动态的认知过程和具体的实例结合进行解析，发现格式的认知过程实质上就是人类认知过程心理特征的体现。本章还对格式的语用特征进行了考察归纳，“有A有B”格式独特的语用价值使得格式的使用范围越来越广，，能产性越来越强。第四章主要考察“有A有B”格式的形成发展过程和动因。从现有的语料检索来看格式最早出现在周朝，而促使它形成发展的既有内因，也有外因。内因在于格式本身的韵律及其结构和语义的特殊性促进格式不断创新发展；外因是语言外部因素即中国历代文学作品及中华民族心理特征对此格式的影响和推动。
[Abstract]:This article selects the modern Chinese "A have B" format to carry on the special topic investigation, through carries on the detailed description on the synchronic plane to the "A have B" format, Then it tries to explain some phenomena of this kind of format from the perspective of grammaticalization and cognitive grammar, hoping to enrich the study of "class fixed phrase" and to apply it to teaching more effectively. Not including the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter examines the structural features and syntactic functions of the "A you B" format. This paper investigates the structural characteristics and the tendency of syntactic distribution of "A with B" format. We find that there are various forms and similar grammatical properties of AZB, and the format of AJB is obviously more than that of two predicate and additive morphemes or words in part of speech. The syntactic function of "A you B" is flexible and can be used as subject, predicate, object, attributive, adverbial and complement. Therefore, we think that the "A has B" format is, in terms of structural categories, a joint phrase consisting of two predicate phrases juxtaposed; functionally, the format is very declarative. From this, we can judge that "A has B" format belongs to predicate phrase. The second chapter analyzes the semantics of "A with B" format. In this chapter, the internal and external semantic relations of "A with B" format are investigated, the semantic relationship types between A and B and the semantic characteristics of the whole format are summarized, and the factors restricting the Agna B position order in the format are analyzed and summarized. Through the investigation and analysis of the semantic relationship of "there A has B" format, we think that this format is concise, rich in meaning, can express various meanings, varied, very flexible, and suitable for different expression needs. It plays an important role in the practical use of modern Chinese. The third chapter makes a cognitive analysis of the "A with B" format. This chapter attempts to analyze the cognitive process of the formation and development of the format by using the theories of conceptual metaphor, conceptual integration and relevance theory, and concludes that the phrase formed by the format forms a continuum of development. Namely: temporary phrase, class fixed phrase, fixed phrase (mainly referring to idiom), the concept of "class fixed phrase" is introduced in the analysis of this format. This paper tries to establish the grading standard of the format, and classifies the format. We combine the static and dynamic cognitive process of the format with concrete examples to analyze it. The cognitive process of discovery format is essentially the embodiment of the psychological characteristics of human cognitive process. This chapter also studies the pragmatic characteristics of format. The unique pragmatic value of format A has B makes the format more and more widely used and more productive. The fourth chapter mainly examines the formation and development process and motivation of "A with B" format. From the existing corpus retrieval format first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, which promoted its development both internal and external reasons. The internal reason lies in the prosody of the format itself and the particularity of its structure and semantics, and the external factor is the influence and promotion of the language external factors, namely, the Chinese literary works and the psychological characteristics of the Chinese nation.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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