《梦溪笔谈》的训诂学价值研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 06:45

【摘要】：在诸多文学体裁演绎的中国文学史中，笔记作为特立独行的一种体裁成为不少文人墨客记见闻，辨名物，释古语，述史事的文学形式。它既是个人情怀的抒发与记载，又兼包罗万象有经国教化之功能；既质朴自然，意趣横生，又文质并举，雅俗共赏。不论是道听途说，还是身之所历、目之所见、心之所感，都可以随笔记录。笔记文献是一座史料宝库，存有大量的语料价值，这些经过古代学者认真推敲和论证得出的学术成果对于当今各门类学科的研究具有很大的科研价值。但是，这还只是凤毛麟角式的研究，而大量的鲜为人知的笔记文献却长期被埋没。毋庸置疑，笔记文献的研究价值是多方面的，它是汉语史研究的重要语料，，理应受到人们，尤其是语言研究者的重视，并作为重要的语料加以开发利用。本文主要对宋代科学家沈括的笔记巨作《梦溪笔谈》中所涉及的训诂学问题进行讨论。文章总体上分为五个部分。第一部分主要介绍了笔记的起源、发展脉络以及各个朝代具有代表性的笔记著作，将笔记的大致情况做了介绍。第二部分则对宋代训诂学进行了简要的阐述，将宋朝笔记的时代特点做了概括。第三部分着重对沈括的生平及《梦溪笔谈》的成书年代及内容分支进行了阐述，对其中一些有代表性的科技创新进行了描述。第四部分是本文的主要内容，从训释词语、考辨音读、校正文字、语法研究、校勘版本及训诂与文化等几个方面对《梦溪笔谈》所包含的训诂学问题进行了讨论。尤其是在名物词训释中，由于语料较为丰富，文章就分别从一般词语的训释和科技类词语的考证训释两方面内容入手，将《梦溪笔谈》中沈括运用训诂学的方法对科技类语词的训诂进行了分析，这也是本文的特点之一。除此之外，又结合古代文字学的示例，对书中所介绍的王圣美的“右文说”做了阐述和分析。其它部分因为语料有限，只是略作枚举，但其所蕴含的训诂学价值却是不言而喻的。第五部分则是指出《梦溪笔谈》中的不足之处。本文试图通过对《梦溪笔谈》的分析，挖掘其中所蕴藏的宝藏，为汉语史的研究略尽绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:In the history of Chinese literature interpreted by many literary genres, notes, as a maverick genre, have become the literary forms of many literati who read, distinguish names, explain ancient language, and describe historical matters. It is not only the expression and record of personal feelings, but also the function of civilized state. Whether it is hearsay, body history, eyes, feelings, can be written. Notebooks are a treasure house of historical data and have a great deal of language material value. These academic achievements, which were carefully studied and demonstrated by ancient scholars, are of great scientific research value to the research of various disciplines nowadays. But this is rare research, and a lot of little-known notebooks have long been buried. There is no doubt that the research value of note-taking literature is various. It is an important corpus in the study of Chinese history. It should be paid attention to by people, especially language researchers, and be developed and used as important corpus. This paper mainly discusses the exegetics involved in the masterpiece Mengxi written by Shen Kuo, a scientist in Song Dynasty. The article is divided into five parts as a whole. The first part mainly introduces the origin and development of notes, as well as the representative works of notes in various dynasties, and introduces the general situation of notes. The second part briefly expounds the exegetics of Song Dynasty and generalizes the characteristics of Song Dynasty notes. The third part focuses on the life of Shen Kuo, the writing age and content branch of Mengxi, and describes some representative scientific and technological innovations. The fourth part is the main content of this paper. It discusses the exegetics contained in Mengxi from the following aspects: explaining words, examining and distinguishing pronunciation and reading, correcting characters, studying grammar, correcting edition, exegesis and culture. Especially in the explanation of famous words, due to the abundance of language data, the article starts with the explanation of general words and the textual research of scientific words. Shen Kuo analyzes the exegesis of scientific and technological words by means of exegetics, which is one of the features of this paper. In addition, combining with the examples of ancient philology, the article expounds and analyzes Wang Shengmei's "right text theory". The other part is just a few enumerations because of the limited corpus, but the value of exegetics is self-evident. The fifth part is to point out the shortcomings of the "Mengxi Pen talk". Through the analysis of Mengxi Pen talk, this paper tries to dig out the hidden treasure and make a little contribution to the study of Chinese history.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I206.2;H13

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