基于平行词表的汉语和西班牙语复合词对比研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 19:40

【摘要】：本文以汉语和西班牙语复合词为研究对象,运用对比和定量定性分析的方法,对汉西复合词结构及其构词理据性进行比较分析。文章将静态描写与动态对比分析相结合,先系统描述西班牙语复合词的特点及分类,然后从两个方面进行汉西比较,一是汉西复合词的结构类型,二是汉西复合词形态和意义理据性。结构类型方面,分别对汉语和西班牙语复合词联合式、动宾式、定中式、状中式、重叠式、主谓式和述宾式进行描写和分析,探求两种语言的构词特点和共性,分析其相同的构词形式所体现的思维及认知共性。重点分析汉西联合式、动宾式、定中和状中式以及重叠式复合词的特点,这几类复合词结构上都存在相似之处。理据性探索方面,分别从汉西复合构词的形态理据和意义理据着手。形态理据性的研究主要集中于两种语言复合词构词类序的对比,以此分析结构上的顺序先后与形态理据性的关系；意义理据性的探索主要以特色鲜明的动宾式名词为例进行分析,先概述汉西复合词词义理据异同,然后重点探析动宾名词语素义和复合词意义之间的联系,并得出结论汉西动宾名词中的名语素为其动语素的受事,而动宾名词为其动词语素的施事,动宾名词是动名组合转指和动作名物化的结果。文章的重点是对非亲属语言的汉语和西班牙语的复合名词的结构和语义的探析,创新之处也在于此。希望通过这项研究,对汉西语言学习、机器翻译以及面向西语国家的对外汉语语素教学法有所启发。
[Abstract]:Taking Chinese and Spanish compound words as the research object, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the structure of Chinese and Spanish compound words and their word-formation motivation by means of comparative and quantitative qualitative analysis. Combining static description with dynamic comparative analysis, this paper first systematically describes the characteristics and classification of Spanish compound words, and then compares Chinese and western words from two aspects, one is the structure type of Chinese and western compound words. The second is the form and motivation of Chinese and western compound words. In the aspect of structure types, we describe and analyze the combination of Chinese and Spanish compound words, the verb object type, the definite Chinese type, the Chinese character type, the reduplication type, the subject-predicate type and the object type, respectively, and explore the characteristics and commonness of word formation between the two languages. This paper analyzes the thinking and cognitive commonness embodied in the same word-formation form. This paper mainly analyzes the characteristics of Chinese and Western compound words, such as the combination of Chinese and Western words, the verb-object type, the definite and neutralized Chinese type and the reduplicative compound word. There are similarities in the structure of these three kinds of compound words. In the aspect of motivation exploration, it starts with the morphological motivation and the meaning motivation of Chinese and western compound word formation. The study of morphological motivation mainly focuses on the comparison of word formation order between the two languages, so as to analyze the relationship between the order of structure and the morphological motivation. The exploration of meaning motivation mainly takes the distinctive verb-object nouns as an example, first summarizes the similarities and differences of semantic motivations between Chinese and western compound words, and then probes into the relationship between morpheme meanings of verb-object nouns and the meanings of compound words. It is concluded that the noun morpheme in the Chinese and western verb-object nouns is the acceptor of the active-morpheme, while the verb-object noun is the agent of the verb morpheme, and the verb-object noun is the result of the transfer of the verb noun combination and the nominalization of the action. This paper focuses on the analysis of the structure and semantics of Chinese and Spanish compound nouns in non-relative languages. It is hoped that this study will be helpful to Chinese and Spanish language learning, machine translation and the teaching of morphemes in Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146;H34

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