中韩常用汉字词比较分析

发布时间：2018-10-20 11:19

【摘要】：中韩两国同处于汉字文化圈内，在韩国无论是人名、地名，还是政府公文、国号宪法都能看到汉字的存在。那么中国汉字和韩国汉字是否一样，又有着什么样的渊源？汉字是从什么时候开始进入朝鲜半岛，又经历了怎样的变化和发展？韩国的常用汉字词和中国的常用汉字词之间有着怎样的异同，这种异同对两国语言学习者有那些利与弊？本论文将针对这些问题展开对中韩两国常用汉字词的比较分析。中韩两国的汉字属同宗同源，韩国之所以借用中国的汉字主要是由于古代朝鲜半岛没有自己真正意义上的文字，加之两国特殊的地理、历史关系，汉字就东渡传到朝鲜半岛。但是汉字进入韩国以后发生了很多变化，在历史的洗涤、社会的变迁、语言自身的演变过程中，汉字已经深入到了韩国社会的各个领域，为广大韩国民众所接受。与此同时，韩国人在长久的使用汉字的历史中，也根据自身对汉字的掌握创造了韩国特有的汉字、汉字词。而中国的汉字也经历了几千年的演变，现代汉语中的汉字无论在形态上还是意义上都与古代汉字有些许的差异。因此，从语言的共时层面上看，现代汉语中的汉字词和现代韩语中的汉字又会有着各自的特征。本论文一共分为四个章节。在第一章“绪论”中，对中韩常用汉字研究的目的和意义等内容作了简要的介绍。并系统的阐释了以往研究的成果,指出了关于该课题日后需要研究的方向，，概述了本论文的研究范围和研究方法。在第二章“韩国使用汉字历史的考察”中对韩国使用汉字的历史和现状进行了比较系统的论述。首先从历时的角度上对汉字进入韩国的各个历史发展阶段进行了概括，然后对汉字进入韩国之后的变化从汉字的固有化、韩源汉字的衍生和日源汉字的借用三方面进行论述，最后简要概述了韩国汉字的使用现状。本章在研究方法的创新之处在于，从历史角度入手分析韩国汉字的演变历程，以引出汉字变异的原因。第三章“中韩常用汉字的比较”是本论文的研究重点。汉字作为形、音、义的结合体传入韩国并作为一种标记语言在历史上存在了很长的时间，而韩国语言本身作为一种黏着语言将汉字纳入自己的语言体系中必然会使得汉字从形态和意义等方面发生变化。本章从选定的863个汉字词汇从形态和意义两个方面进行分类。并从中韩同形同义词、同形异义词、异形词三个方面对两国常用汉字词的形态和意义进行比较，归纳总结出汉字进入韩国之后变化的特点，即意义上的扩大、缩小、转移；形态上的完全异形、部分异形。本章在研究方法上的创新之处在于，在对中韩常用汉字的比较分析中，尝试寻找背后隐藏的共同特征，即韩国汉字变异的特点；此外本章通过对比研究希望为两国外语学习者提供一定有建设性的建议。
[Abstract]:Both China and South Korea are in the cultural circle of Chinese characters. In South Korea, whether it is a person's name, a place name, or a government document, the existence of Chinese characters can be seen in the constitution of the state name. So whether Chinese characters and Korean characters are the same, and what kind of origin? When did the Chinese characters enter the Korean Peninsula and what changes and developments did they experience? What are the similarities and differences between the commonly used Chinese characters in South Korea and in China, and what are the advantages and disadvantages for the learners of the two languages? This thesis aims at these problems and makes a comparative analysis of Chinese characters used in China and South Korea. The Chinese characters of China and South Korea belong to the same lineage. The reason why South Korea borrows Chinese characters from China is mainly because the ancient Korean Peninsula did not have its own real characters, coupled with the special geographical and historical relationship between the two countries, and the Chinese characters passed eastward to the Korean Peninsula. However, many changes have taken place since the Chinese characters entered Korea. In the process of historical washing, social change and language itself evolution, Chinese characters have been deeply penetrated into various fields of Korean society and accepted by the majority of Korean people. At the same time, Korean people in the long history of using Chinese characters, but also according to their grasp of Chinese characters to create Korean unique Chinese characters, Chinese words. Chinese characters have also undergone thousands of years of evolution, modern Chinese characters in both form and meaning are somewhat different from ancient Chinese characters. Therefore, from the perspective of synchronic language, Chinese words in modern Chinese and Chinese characters in Korean have their own characteristics. This paper is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, "introduction", the purpose and significance of the study of Chinese characters in common use in China and South Korea are briefly introduced. It also systematically explains the previous research results, points out the direction of future research on this subject, and summarizes the research scope and research methods of this paper. In the second chapter, the history and present situation of using Chinese characters in Korea are systematically discussed. At first, the author generalizes the historical development stages of Chinese characters entering Korea from a diachronic point of view, and then discusses the changes of Chinese characters after entering Korea from three aspects: the inherent character of Chinese characters, the derivation of Hanyuan Chinese characters and the borrowing of Japanese characters. At last, the present situation of using Korean Chinese characters is briefly summarized. The innovation of the research method in this chapter is to analyze the evolution of Korean Chinese characters from the historical point of view, in order to elicit the reasons for the variation of Chinese characters. The third chapter, the comparison of Chinese characters in common use in China and South Korea, is the focus of this thesis. Chinese characters, as a combination of form, sound and meaning, were introduced into Korea and existed as a marker language for a long time in history. The Korean language itself, as a kind of adhesive language, will bring Chinese characters into its own language system, which will inevitably change the form and meaning of Chinese characters. This chapter classifies 863 Chinese characters in terms of form and meaning. And the Chinese and Korean homomorphic synonyms, isomorphic words, heteromorphic words, the two countries commonly used in the form and meaning of Chinese characters were compared, summed up the characteristics of changes after the Chinese character entered Korea, that is, the meaning of expansion, reduction, transfer; A complete or partial anomaly in form. The innovation of the research method in this chapter is that in the comparative analysis of common Chinese characters in China and South Korea, we try to find the common characteristics hidden behind them, that is, the characteristics of variation of Korean Chinese characters. In addition, this chapter hopes to provide some constructive suggestions for both foreign language learners through a comparative study.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136;H55

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