扬雄《方言》与方言特征词的判定问题——以《方言》部分方言词的重复注释为例证
发布时间：2018-10-23 13:42
【摘要】：《方言》中某一个方言词,作为被释词,多数情况下不重复注释。但是,也有同一个方言词重复注释的情况。这种重复注释的情况,透露出《方言》某处说某方言用了某词并不排斥其他方言也用该词的信息。如果一个方言词仅见于它后面所列的具体的方言区域,不见于别的方言,那么几处重复注释所列的方言区域应该是一样的。事实上,并不完全如此。这就有力地证明:《方言》中说表达某一个概念,某地用某词,并不是说只有某地用某词,其他的地域不用该词。扬雄只是据实记录他的见闻,不是在作出全面调查,不是在知道了某词只有某地用而别的地方不用之后,才写上某词见于某地。换句话说,《方言》中某词见于某地,并没有暗含不见于其他地域的意思;《方言》中的很多方言词不能作为某一个地域独有而为其他地域所无的用词。将《方言》这一特点揭示出来非常重要,因为它牵涉到如何利用《方言》研究秦汉时期的方言区划、方言之间的语音对应关系以及汉语词汇史等重要问题。
[Abstract]:A dialect word, as an interpreted word, that in most cases is not repeatedly annotated. However, there are also the same dialect words repeated annotation situation. This repeated annotation reveals that the use of a certain word in a certain dialect does not exclude the use of that word in other dialects. If a dialect is found only in the specific dialect areas listed below and not in other dialects, then the dialect areas listed in the repeated comments should be the same. In fact, this is not quite the case. This proves forcefully that the dialect is used to express a certain concept and to use a word in a certain place, not to say that only one word is used in a certain place, but not in other places. Yang Xiong only recorded what he had seen and heard according to the facts. He was not making a full investigation. He was not writing a word in a certain place until he knew that it was only used in one place and not in another place. In other words, a word in a dialect is found in a certain place and does not imply a meaning that is not invisible to other regions; many of the dialect words in a dialect cannot be used as words unique to one region but not in other regions. It is very important to reveal the feature of dialect because it involves how to use it to study the division of dialects in Qin and Han dynasties, the phonological correspondence between dialects and the history of Chinese vocabulary.
【作者单位】： 北京大学中文系;
【分类号】：H17
本文编号：2289428
[Abstract]:A dialect word, as an interpreted word, that in most cases is not repeatedly annotated. However, there are also the same dialect words repeated annotation situation. This repeated annotation reveals that the use of a certain word in a certain dialect does not exclude the use of that word in other dialects. If a dialect is found only in the specific dialect areas listed below and not in other dialects, then the dialect areas listed in the repeated comments should be the same. In fact, this is not quite the case. This proves forcefully that the dialect is used to express a certain concept and to use a word in a certain place, not to say that only one word is used in a certain place, but not in other places. Yang Xiong only recorded what he had seen and heard according to the facts. He was not making a full investigation. He was not writing a word in a certain place until he knew that it was only used in one place and not in another place. In other words, a word in a dialect is found in a certain place and does not imply a meaning that is not invisible to other regions; many of the dialect words in a dialect cannot be used as words unique to one region but not in other regions. It is very important to reveal the feature of dialect because it involves how to use it to study the division of dialects in Qin and Han dynasties, the phonological correspondence between dialects and the history of Chinese vocabulary.
【作者单位】： 北京大学中文系;
【分类号】：H17
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