“X什么X”及其相关构式研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 19:35

【摘要】：现代汉语中有一种特殊构式“X什么X”，，如“看什么看”。本文在对该构式的特征进行考察的基础上，探讨该构式的构式义与一些句法与语用的特征，并且进一步论证该构式与相关构式的异同。第一章通过对以往相关研究的回顾明确本文的研究对象、意义和研究设想。第二章对构式本身进行分析，展示其组成的构式语块，该构式有两个构式语块“什么”与“X”，构式中的“X”主要由谓词充当，但是经过考察我们发现随着构式的发展其他的词类也有资格进入该构式。还研究了构式前后的“NP”对构式义的影响，最后把该构式的构式一总结为“说话人基于对他人行为、观点的主观性否定，通过移情转化为在言语行为上对对方的行为、观点实施否定性祈使。” 第三章考察该构式的演变，说明其典型成员与非典型成员。“X什么X”构式的典型构式是“X”为谓词，“X”为其他的词类都属于该构式的非典型构式，如果“什么”前后两个“X”不相同就是该构式最不典型的构式。关于该构式的演变轨道是来自“X什么”构式的重叠形式“X什么X什么”。“X什么”重叠后就实现一种强调的语气，而后“什么”省略后就实现一种“语言经济性”的原则。第四章通过和相关构式—“什么X”、“什么X不X”与“有什么A的”说明虽然构式义比较接近但是不能说完全是相同，也就证明“X什么X”构式的构式义并不是“什么”赋予的。第五章介绍“X什么X”构式和“别X”构式在语义、语用和句法上的异同。两者都属于祈使句的范畴，我们认为它属于该范畴的非典型成员，而“别X”构式是该范畴的一个典型成员。第六章作为本文的结余
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, there is a special construction "X what X", such as "what to look at". On the basis of investigating the characteristics of the construction, this paper discusses the construction meaning and some syntactic and pragmatic features of the construction, and further demonstrates the similarities and differences between the construction and the related construction. The first chapter clarifies the research object, significance and research assumption by reviewing the previous related research. The second chapter analyzes the construction itself and shows the construction chunks which consist of two constructions: what and X, in which "X" is mainly used by predicates. However, after investigation, we find that other parts of speech are qualified to enter the construction with the development of construction. The influence of "NP" before and after construction on the construction meaning is also studied. Finally, the construction of the construction is summed up as "the speaker based on the behavior of others, the subjective negation of the point of view, which is transformed by empathy into the behavior of the other person in the speech act." A point of view carries out a negative imperative. " In chapter 3, the evolution of the construction is investigated, and it is shown that the typical construction of "X what X" construction is "X" as predicate, and "X" belongs to the non-typical construction of this construction. If "what" before and after two "X" is not the same is the construction of the most atypical construction. The evolution orbit of the construction is derived from the overlapping form of the "X what" construction "X what". After the "X what" overlap, the tone of emphasis is achieved. Then the "what" is omitted and the principle of "language economy" is realized. The fourth chapter, through and related constructions "what X", "what X not X" and "what A", although the construction meaning is relatively close, can not be said to be exactly the same. It is proved that the construction meaning of X-what-X-construction is not given by "what". Chapter five introduces the semantic, pragmatic and syntactic similarities and differences between X and X constructions. Both belong to the category of imperative sentence. We think that it belongs to the atypical member of this category, and the "different X" construction is a typical member of this category. Chapter VI as balance in this article
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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