网络语言模糊性的社会语言学研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 13:45

【摘要】：随着网络语言的飞速发展及其在社会文化各方面愈来愈大的影响力，，网络语言研究也逐步成为社会语言学研究的重要领域。要认识网络世界中这一新的语言形式，选择怎样的切入点便成为首要问题。模糊性是自然语言的本质属性，因而也是语言学所关注的研究对象之一。从模糊语言学的角度研究网络语言具有可行性、创新性和必要性。本文从社会语言学的视野，从不同层面和角度对网络语言模糊性的特征进行了较全面的描述。全文研究主要集中在三个方面，即网络模糊语言的生成机制、表现形式和功能意义。网络语言是自然语言的一种社会变体，既受到语言规则的制约，也受到交际原则和语用习惯的制约，形成语义和语用两个层面的模糊。以前人的研究为基础，总结出模糊语言构形的模式：首先是构建阶段---说话者决定要传达的语前意念或思想；其次是转换阶段---将意念或思想转换成语言形式；然后是语前编辑阶段---过滤不恰当的内容,选择恰当的语言形式，比如模糊的词语、句型结构及恰当的语音手段等；最后是表达阶段---说话者以选择好的言语形式传达信息。其中转换阶段和语前编辑阶段是同步进行的，而语前编辑阶段是模糊语言生成的关键节点，在最后表达阶段呈现是精确言语还是模糊言语，是语义模糊还是语用模糊都是由这一阶段的活动决定的。网络语言语义模糊的形成机制既有与实体语言的相似性，又有差异性。两者的差异性突出体现在网络语言的变异性。不仅因为网络语言的模糊性主要由语言的变异而形成，而且网络模糊语言在词汇、语法、语义、书写、语域、语体甚至语篇等各个层面体现出变异性。语用模糊的形成则是一个复杂、动态的交际过程，在这个过程中发话者和受话者相互作用相互影响，发话者为了有目的地表达隐含意义，亦或想表达礼貌与合作的态度以及有意识地表达一种言外之力或潜在意图依据顺应原则选择模糊语言；受话人则在感知话语意图后，通过关联假设和最佳关联原则对话语作相应的信息加工程序以达到最佳释义。在实际交际过程中，发话者和受话者角色在不断转换，因此，交际双方都会受到关联原则和顺应性原则的制约。语用模糊的动态形成机制决定了语用模糊的类型是一个三维、立体的复杂系统：从语用模糊形成阶段看，语用模糊标记为：模糊限制词、语言的比喻性用法尤其是隐喻等等；从语用模糊的运用阶段看，语用模糊标记为对合作原则、礼貌原则等语用原则的遵循、偏离或违背；从语用模糊的生效阶段来看，语用模糊标记为消极语用模糊和积极语用模糊。从网络语言模糊性的表现形式和功能来说，模糊词语是语义模糊的重要标记，分为连续统模糊词、范畴类模糊词、评价类模糊词和数量词模糊词。而量的模糊是最典型的语义模糊现象。语言的模糊量大略分为数量的模糊和程度量的模糊。数量的模糊包括数值形式模糊量、复数模糊量和非数值形式模糊量；而程度量的模糊包括程度副词的模糊表量和形容词的模糊表量。根据统计数据，网络语言中模糊量的使用频率高于实体语言，因而表现出更加明显的模糊性。网络语言语用模糊也有其独特表现。由于网络交际特殊的语境因素，使得各类社会制约因素在网络语言语用模糊的形成过程中产生不同的影响。语言经济性是影响网络交际的首要原则，并从语言形成阶段造成了网络语言的语用模糊；网民的心理因素、群体行为特征、性别差异、思维定势等特点从语言运用阶段造成了网络语言的语用模糊；而网络交际生效阶段形成的语用模糊根据网络交际者的交际意图和语后效能分为积极语用模糊和消极语用模糊。因而，网络语言语用模糊表现出娱乐性、含蓄性、幽默性等特殊语用功能。无论是网络语言的语义模糊还是语用模糊现象都与网络语境有着密切关系：网络模糊语依赖于语境实现从形式到意义的转换，一方面，网络语境成为网络模糊语的构成潜势，另一方面，网络模糊语言依赖于语境才能得到理解。对网络语言模糊意义的理解，不仅依赖于语境，还要借助语言学和语用学规则的推导，修辞三段论就是推导模糊寓义的一个重要模式。在具体语境中表面无关联的话语往往蕴涵着载有寓义的修辞三段论，这是言语交际中语用模糊语句不会引起交际失误并且能够顺利达成交际目的的原因。总之，该研究运用定性和定量的研究方法，从社会语言学视角对网络语言的模糊性进行探索，希望能借此引起更多研究者对该领域的关注，促进对这一问题更加深入的思考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of network language and its influence on various aspects of social culture, the research of network language gradually becomes an important field of social linguistics research. In order to understand this new form of language in the network world, how to choose the entry point becomes the primary problem. The fuzziness is the essential attribute of natural language, so it is also the research object of linguistics. One. It is feasible, innovative and necessary to study the network language from the perspective of fuzzy linguistics. In this paper, from the perspective of sociolinguistics, the characteristics of the fuzziness of the network language are compared from different levels and angles. The research of the whole text mainly focuses on three aspects, namely, the generation mechanism and expression of the network fuzzy language. The network language is a kind of social variant of natural language, which is restricted by linguistic rules, and is restricted by communicative principles and pragmatic habits. Two levels of ambiguity. Based on previous studies, the pattern of fuzzy language configuration is summed up: the first is the construction phase--the speaker determines the pre-language idea or thought to be conveyed; secondly, the conversion stage--converts the idea or idea into a language form; then the pre-language editing stage.--filtering out inappropriate content, selecting appropriate language forms, such as vague terms, sentence structures, and appropriate speech means, etc.; and finally, an expression stage--speaker to select The pre-speech editing phase is the key node of the fuzzy language generation, and the pre-speech editing phase is the key node of the fuzzy language generation. It is decided by the activity of this stage. The formation mechanism of the semantic ambiguity of the network language is not only the same as that of The similarity between the language of the entity and the difference. It is not only because the fuzziness of the network language is mainly formed by the variation of language, but also the fuzzy language of the network is in terms of vocabulary, grammar, semantics, writing, language domain and writing style. The formation of pragmatic ambiguity is a complex and dynamic communication process, and the speaker and the speaker interact with each other in this process. In response, the speaker expresses the implied meaning for the destination, or expresses the attitude of politeness and cooperation, and consciously expresses the force or potential intention outside a speech according to the principle of compliance A fuzzy language; a recipient, after perception of the intention of a discourse, communicates discourse with the hypothesis of association and the principle of best association. In the process of actual communication, the characters of the speaker and the callee are changing constantly, therefore, the two sides communicate with each other The dynamic forming mechanism of pragmatic fuzzy decides that the type of pragmatic fuzzy is a three-dimensional and three-dimensional complex system: from the stage of pragmatic fuzzy formation, the pragmatic fuzzy mark is: the fuzzy logic words, the figurative use of the language. The method is especially metaphor and so on; from the pragmatic fuzzy application stage, the pragmatic fuzzy mark is the follow, deviation or breach of pragmatic principles such as cooperation principle, politeness principle and so on; from the effective stage of pragmatic ambiguity, Pragmatic ambiguity is a passive pragmatic ambiguity and a positive pragmatic ambiguity. In terms of the representation and function of fuzziness in the network language, the fuzzy word is an important mark of semantic ambiguity, which is divided into continuous model. paste words, category fuzzy words, evaluation fuzzy words and The fuzzy word of quantifier. The fuzzy of quantity is the most typical semantic ambiguity phenomenon. The fuzzy quantity of language is roughly divided into the number of fuzzy and the degree of fuzzy. The number of fuzzy includes numerical form fuzzy quantity, complex fuzzy quantity and non-numerical form fuzzy quantity; and degree quantity The blur includes the amount of fuzzy table of degree adverb and the amount of fuzzy table of adjective. According to statistics, the fuzzy quantity in network language the frequency is higher than the entity language and thus exhibits a higher frequency than the physical language, The network language pragmatic fuzzy also has its unique performance. Because of the special context factor of the network communication, it makes all kinds of society The restrictive factors exert different influences in the process of the formation of the pragmatic fuzzy of the network language. The language economy is the primary principle that affects the communication of the network, and the pragmatic ambiguity of the network language is caused from the stage of language formation; the psychological factors, the group behavior character and the gender difference of the Internet users, The characteristics of thinking fixed potential have caused the pragmatic ambiguity of the network language from the language application stage, and the pragmatic ambiguity formed during the effective phase of the network communication is based on the network communication. The communicative intention and post-language efficacy of the person are divided into positive pragmatic ambiguity and negative pragmatic ambiguity. Language ambiguity shows the special pragmatic functions such as entertainment, implication, humor, etc. Both the semantic bleness of the network language and the pragmatic fuzzy phenomenon are closely related to the network context: the fuzzy language of the network depends on the context to realize the form-to-meaning. Transition, on the one hand, the network context becomes the network fuzzy On the other hand, the fuzzy language of the network depends on the context, which is not only dependent on context, but also by means of language. In the derivation of the rules of pragmatics and pragmatics, the rhetorical syllogism is an important mode for the derivation of the ambiguity. In summary, the study uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the fuzziness of network language from the perspective of social linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H0-05

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