基于第二语言教学的现代汉语指人类后缀研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 11:59

【摘要】：现代汉语指人类后缀是类后缀中占据重要地位的一部分。为了对指人类后缀教学有所裨益,本研究基于第二语言教学环境,检索了对外汉语教学大纲、对外汉语教材、工具书等书面语料,以及电视、网络等新媒体,甄选了42个常见指人类后缀,并根据现实使用情况及二语环境下的汉语教学要求进行划分,归纳出“开放式”指人类后缀及“半开放式”指人类后缀,又从缀义角度对其进行细分,梳理并阐释其语义特征,分析其缀化过程及程度,并概括其组合特征。我们得出以下结论：(1)“半开放式”指人类后缀虚化层级较单一,展现实语素和虚语素特征的能力相当,缀义受源义影响较大,部分词已进入词汇系统；(2)“开放式”指人类后缀虚化层级较多,展现虚语素特征及构成新词的能力更胜一筹；(3)网络新词打破了词汇发展的平衡,突变造就的指人类后缀引发了大量新词的产生和发展。另一方面,基于既有研究,本研究考察了汉语学习者指人类后缀的认知、理解及运用情况。其一,认知情况调查从42个指人类后缀出发,印证了本研究在二语教学环境下对指人类后缀的分类及阐释,得出以下结果：认知率总体相对较高的大多为“开放式”缀,但“半开放式”缀中,教学有所要求及社会语境推进的语例认知率则明显上升。其二,基于认知情况调查,考察汉语学习者在限定性语境中对指人类后缀的理解情况,得出相应结果：认知率越高,理解情况越好；认知率虽不高,但教学有所要求的,理解情况则相对好转。同时,笔者还检索了HSK动态作文语料库及华东师范大学留学生作文语料,考察汉语学习者在自由语境中对指人类后缀的自主运用情况,发现偏误主要集中在“人”,而其他指人类后缀则由于学习者的无意识规避,并没有呈现出规律,可见二语教学中指人类后缀的教学和研究仍有待深化。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese refers to human suffixes as an important part of class suffixes. In order to be of benefit to the teaching of suffixes to human beings, this study, based on the second language teaching environment, searched the syllabus for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language, reference books, and new media such as television and the Internet. This paper selects 42 common suffixes of human beings and classifies them according to the actual usage and the Chinese teaching requirements in the second language environment, and concludes that "open" means human suffixes and "semi-open" means human suffixes. From the perspective of affix meaning, it is subdivided, combed and explained its semantic features, analyzed its affix process and degree, and summarized its combination characteristics. We draw the following conclusions: (1) "semi-open" refers to the fact that the human suffixes are of a single level, with the same ability to display the features of realistic morphemes and virtual morphemes, and that the suffix meanings are greatly influenced by the source meanings, and some words have entered the lexical system; (2) "Open" refers to the fact that there are many levels of suffix vacuity, showing the features of empty morpheme and the ability of forming new words. (3) Network neologisms break the balance of lexical development, and sudden changes in the suffixes of human beings lead to the emergence and development of a large number of new words. On the other hand, based on the existing research, this study examines the cognition, understanding and application of Chinese learners referring to human suffixes. First of all, the cognitive survey starts from 42 human suffixes, which confirms the classification and interpretation of human suffixes in the second language teaching environment. The results are as follows: most of the relatively high cognitive rates are "open" affixes. But in semi-open affixes, the cognitive rate of examples with teaching requirements and social context advancing is obviously increased. Secondly, based on the cognitive survey, this paper investigates Chinese learners' understanding of human suffixes in the restricted context, and draws the corresponding results: the higher the cognitive rate, the better the understanding; Although the cognitive rate is not high, but the teaching requirements, understanding is relatively improved. At the same time, the author also retrieves the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the composition data of foreign students in East China normal University, and investigates the autonomous application of Chinese learners to the suffixes of human beings in the free context. It is found that the errors are mainly focused on "people". The others refer to human suffixes because of the learners' unconscious circumvention, and there are no rules, so we can see that the teaching and research of human suffixes in L2 teaching still need to be deepened.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】