冲突性话语的组织序列及建设性处理

发布时间：2018-11-11 15:38

【摘要】：冲突是群体之间或个体之间因见解、利益、原则、目的等不同所引发的某种抵触或争论状态。冲突性话语是指交际双方受制于对某一事件的不同意见、立场等,出现争论、争吵、反对、反驳等对抗性的言语行为和言语事件。冲突性话语是日常生活中普遍存在的现象。冲突性话语既有建设性的一面,也有破坏性的一面,其影响因素主要是冲突性话语发生的背景以及处理方式。如果冲突性话语双方对结果都不满意,此时的冲突性话语就是破坏性的。如果冲突性话语结束时,双方达成了一个想要得到的结果并且冲突性话语在双方关系发展中起到积极作用,此时的冲突性话语就是建设性的。建设性的冲突性话语在人际关系方面发挥了很大作用。它将业已存在的问题提上解决的日程,并帮助人们消除不良情绪,增进对彼此的了解。大部分冲突性话语的研究都对汉语和英语的冲突性话语分开进行研究,而本文采取定性分析和定量分析的研究方法,通过对《婚姻保卫战》和《绝望的主妇》中冲突性话语语料的概括、分析与总结,试图归纳出冲突性话语的结构模式,以期从更广阔的视角研究冲突性话语在结构上的特点。在Kilmann和Thomas冲突话语处理类型的理论框架下,本文在《婚姻保卫战》和《绝望的主妇》语料支持下做实证研究,探讨了各种处理方式的具体使用语境和使用策略,研究如何使冲突性话语得到建设性处理。通过定量和定性分析,本文得出了下列结论：1.冲突性话语呈现三阶段的结构模式一起始阶段、冲突阶段和结束阶段。在起始阶段,冲突性话语的结构模式可以归纳为三步序列原型：触发事件-第一反对语轮-第二反对语轮；在冲突阶段,反对语步主要概括为争论型和不合作型；冲突性话语的结束阶段主要总结为四种模式：服从模式、妥协模式、退出模式和第三者介入模式；2.冲突性话语的处理方式主要被归纳为五种类型：回避式、顺从式、竞争式、妥协让步式、合作双赢式。各种类型下有各种具体的处理策略。冲突性话语建设性处理的核心在于灵活运用处理类型和策略来实现既定目的。本文在分析中得到两个假设：1.汉语冲突性话语更喜欢运用退出策略来结束冲突性话语,英语的冲突性话语更倾向于强势解决问题。本文初步归纳了假设的原因,即美国弱语境(low-context)及中国强语境(high-context)的影响；2.在夫妻间的冲突性话语解决上,比起中国女性,美国女性更加求胜心切,更加占优势。儒家思想的影响在中国女性定位上产生了极大的影响,是形成这一假设的主要原因。
[Abstract]:Conflict is a state of conflict or controversy between groups or individuals caused by differences of opinion, interest, principle, purpose, etc. Conflicting utterance refers to the adversarial speech acts and speech events in which the communicative parties are subject to different opinions, positions, etc., such as arguments, quarrels, objections, rebuttal and so on. Conflict discourse is a common phenomenon in daily life. Conflict discourse has both constructive and destructive aspects, and its influencing factors are mainly the background of conflict discourse and the way of dealing with it. Conflict discourse is destructive if both parties are not satisfied with the result. If the conflict discourse ends with a desired result and the conflict discourse plays a positive role in the development of the relationship between the two parties, the conflict discourse is constructive. Constructive conflict discourse plays an important role in interpersonal relations. It puts existing problems on the agenda and helps people get rid of bad emotions and learn more about each other. Most of the researches on conflict discourse have studied the conflict discourse in Chinese and English separately, while the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are adopted in this paper. Based on the summarization, analysis and summary of the conflicting discourse data in the War of Defense of Marriage and the desperate Housewives, this paper tries to conclude the structural pattern of the conflicting discourse in order to study the structural characteristics of the conflicting discourse from a broader perspective. Under the framework of Kilmann and Thomas's theory of conflict discourse processing, this paper makes an empirical study under the support of "Marriage Defense" and "desperate Housewives", and probes into the specific context and strategies of various processing methods. This paper studies how to deal constructively with conflicting discourse. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: 1. Conflict discourse presents three stages of structural pattern: initial stage, conflict stage and end stage. In the initial stage, the structural pattern of the conflicting discourse can be summed up as a three-step sequence prototype: trigger event-the first opposition wheel-the second opposition wheel, in the conflict stage, the opposition step is mainly divided into two types: controversial and non-cooperative. The end stage of conflict discourse is divided into four modes: subservient mode, compromise mode, exit mode and third party intervention mode; 2. Conflict discourse can be divided into five types: avoidance, compliance, competition, compromise and cooperation. There are a variety of specific processing strategies under various types. The core of constructive treatment of conflict discourse is to use the types and strategies of processing flexibly to achieve the purpose. In this paper, two hypotheses are obtained: 1. Conflict discourse in Chinese prefers to use exit strategy to end conflict discourse, and conflict discourse in English tends to solve problems strongly. This paper summarizes the hypothetical reasons, namely, the influence of American weak context (low-context) and Chinese strong context (high-context); 2. Compared with Chinese women, American women are more competitive and dominant in the conflict discourse resolution between husband and wife. The influence of Confucianism has exerted great influence on the orientation of Chinese women, which is the main reason for the formation of this hypothesis.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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