试论“绝对性质形容词”

发布时间：2018-11-12 08:30

【摘要】：朱德熙先生在《现代汉语形容词研究》中提出了“绝对性质形容词”的说法。为了弄清楚什么是“绝对性质形容词”,我们作了如下探讨：首先,我们对一些“绝对性质形容词”进行语料调查,看是否真的没有程度区分,并以“真、假”作为个案分析；其次,我们从理论上对“绝对性质形容词”的本质进行了探索,发现“绝对性质形容词”就是区别词；最后,我们探讨了“绝对性质形容词”这个说法产生的原由,并认为语言研究,应该从活的语言出发,考虑人的认知因素,只有这样,语言研究才可能更真实,更科学。与“绝对性质形容词”相关的是“性质形容词”,这两个问题实质上是一个问题,因为弄清楚了其中的一个,另一个也就解决了。不过,光说性质形容词是能被“很”修饰的词,问题并没有完全解决,原因是还有一部分动词也能被“很”修饰。 “很”与“A+O”不能同现的命题,是为了区分动词与形容词提出来的.但在实际运用中,我们发现这个方法是有问题的。通过对语料的考察,我们发现,“很”与“X+O”同现不是动词所特有的句法特征,形容词也存在这种句法特征；“很”与“X+O”不能同现不是形容词所具有的特点,动词也存在这种现象。因此,我们认为“很+A”与“A+O”不能同现的说法是没有理据的,是有问题的。如果把“很+A+O”格式中的“A”都处理为动词,则会得出形容词一旦带宾语就变成动词的结论。形容词带宾语后能不能与“很”同现,并不是由形容词自身决定的,而是受到句法结构的影响。文章最后,我们提出了形容词与动词的划界方法。
[Abstract]:In the study of adjectives in Modern Chinese, Mr. Zhu Dexi put forward the term "absolute adjectives". In order to find out what is "absolute adjective", we have made the following discussion: firstly, we have conducted a corpus investigation on some "absolute adjectives" to see if there is really no degree of distinction, and take "truth and falsehood" as a case study; Secondly, we explore the essence of "absolute adjective" theoretically, and find that "absolute adjective" is the distinguishing word. Finally, we discuss the origin of the expression "absolute adjectives", and think that language research should start from living language and consider human cognitive factors. Only in this way, language research can be more real and scientific. The relation to "absolute adjectives" is "nature adjectives". These two problems are essentially a problem because one of them is clear and the other is solved. However, the problem is not completely solved because some verbs can also be modified by "very". The proposition that "Shi" and "A O" cannot coexist is proposed to distinguish verbs from adjectives. But in practice, we find that this method is problematic. Through the investigation of the corpus, we find that "very" and "X O" are not unique syntactic features of verbs, and adjectives also have this syntactic feature. It is not the characteristic of adjectives that "very" and "X O" can not be coexisting, and there is this phenomenon in verbs. Therefore, we think that the argument that "very A" and "A O" cannot co-exist is groundless and problematic. If we treat "A" in "very A O" format as a verb, we can conclude that the adjective becomes a verb once it has an object. Whether adjectives with objects can co-appear with "very" is not determined by adjectives themselves, but by the influence of syntactic structure. At the end of the article, we put forward the method of delimiting adjectives and verbs.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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