从功能对等理论视角探究法律类义词的翻译

发布时间：2018-11-12 12:55

【摘要】：众所周知，就源语和目的语的法律功能而言，准确的法律用语在法律意义的传达中发挥着极其重要的作用。法律类义词是法律词汇的一大特色，也是其重要组成部分。法律类义词是概念划分的产物，表达类似但不同的含义。法律中有很多类义词，，因为法律面向的是整个社会，调整的是各种各样的法律关系。作为法律词汇的重要组成部分，法律类义词本应该受到重视，但却鲜有人对其进行专门研究。法律类义词中，上义词的外延比其下义词大，而下义词的内涵更明确更有深度。不同的下义词都与上义词的内涵特征在功能上部分对等，但这些下义词的外延互不相同，具有一些不同的内涵特征。由于不同法律体系之间的不一致，一种法律体系中的术语并不一定能在另一种法律体系中找到其完全对等词。作者通过详述奈达的功能对等理论和Sarcevic的部分对等理论的研究现状、法律类义词的定义、类型和特征，阐述了为何功能对等和部分对等理论被视为翻译法律类义词的理想理论以及为何法律类义词中上下义词之间的关系是一种部分对等的关系。根据功能对等词的对等程度，Sarcevic提出三种功能对等范畴，其中的部分对等理论即作者采用的理论。本文从功能对等和部分对等理论的角度出发，根据对等理论的原则，用对等理论的翻译准则来实现不同法律体系中法律类义词之间的最接近对等。文中所列法律实例大多引自法律翻译的理论研究，其中一些归纳于法律翻译实践文本。通过对等理论来分析大量实例，说明如何运用对等理论的三个翻译准则。作者希望，功能对等理论提出的功能对等词、扩充词义和缩减词义三个准则可以对法律类义词的翻译起到抛砖引玉的作用。
[Abstract]:As we all know, as far as the legal functions of source language and target language are concerned, accurate legal terms play an extremely important role in the communication of legal meaning. Legal sense is a major feature of legal vocabulary and an important part of it. Legal sense words are the product of conceptual division, expressing similar but different meanings. There are many kinds of meanings in the law because the law is aimed at the whole society and adjusts all kinds of legal relations. As an important part of legal vocabulary, legal sense words should be paid attention to, but few people have made special research on them. In the legal sense word, the extension of the upper meaning word is bigger than its lower meaning word, but the lower meaning word connotation is clearer and deeper. Different lower meaning words are functionally equivalent to the upper meaning words, but the extension of these lower meaning words is different and has some different connotative characteristics. Because of the inconsistency between different legal systems, terms in one legal system do not necessarily find their full equivalents in another. The author describes the present situation of Nida's functional equivalence theory and Sarcevic's partial equivalence theory, the definition, types and characteristics of legal semantic words. This paper expounds why functional equivalence and partial equivalence theory are regarded as ideal theories for translating legal semantic words and why the relationship between upper and lower meanings in legal sense words is a partial equivalence relationship. According to the equivalence degree of functional equivalents, Sarcevic proposes three functional equivalence categories, some of which are the theories adopted by the author. From the perspective of functional equivalence and partial equivalence, this paper uses the translation criteria of equivalence theory to realize the closest equivalence between legal meanings in different legal systems according to the principle of equivalence theory. Most of the legal examples cited in this paper are derived from the theoretical studies of legal translation, some of which are summarized in the practical texts of legal translation. A large number of examples are analyzed to illustrate how to apply the three translation criteria of equivalence theory. The author hopes that the functional equivalence, the expansion of the meaning and the reduction of the meaning of the words proposed by the functional equivalence theory can serve as a starting point for the translation of legal semantic words.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

【相似文献】