现代英语和汉语中名动转类词现象的认知分析

发布时间：2018-11-18 22:31

【摘要】：所谓词类转换是指一个词在不改变词的形态的情况下直接转化为另一种词类,转化后的词具有新的意义和作用。作为一种特殊的语言现象,词类转换一直深受国内外语言学者的关注。名动转类词作为词类转换中出现频率最高的词类,广泛存在于现代英语和汉语当中。名动转类词属于语言中的非常规现象,如何正确看待这种非常规语言现象及对于这一语言现象的成因分析对名动转类词的发展起着重要的作用,对创造性使用语言、欣赏语言的创造性很有意义,因此对其研究是非常有价值的。根据词类转换的定义可知,所谓名动转类词是指名词在特定语境下不改变词的形态被直接用作动词,获得动词的句法特征,衍生出相应的动作意义。这一现象在英语和古汉语中非常普遍,而且在现代汉语中也有日趋增长的态势。名动转类词的出现体现了语言的经济型原则并且能产生很强的语用效果,具有研究价值。本文从认知语义学角度出发,探讨名动转类词的语义表达及其理解。本文指出名动转类词的语义基础是原生名词的内涵意义,而名动转类词的语义衍生的基本理据为原生名词所指客体的典型特征。本文指出名动转类词的语义衍生通过比喻和引申两种方式实现。名动转类词的语义衍生,是原生名词语义偏移的结果：通过比喻实现原生名词从字面义向隐喻义的偏移；通过引申实现原生名词从指称义向描写义的偏移。针对名动转类词的成因问题本文从语言和心理两方面因素着手分析。客观上的语言贫乏是形成名动转类词的直接原因。追求简洁和追求创新是名动转类词形成的心理因素。本文对名动转类词现象做出评价,对名动转类词现象的优点做出总结,并补充说明其不足之处,最后本文阐述了名动转类词对词汇教学、词典编撰和汉译英的启示。
[Abstract]:The so-called part of speech transformation refers to the transformation of a word into another part of speech without changing the morphology of the word. The transformed word has new meaning and function. As a special language phenomenon, part-of-speech conversion has always been concerned by linguists at home and abroad. As the most frequent part of speech conversion, noun-verb-class words are widely used in modern English and Chinese. Nomenclature and verb transformation is an unconventional phenomenon in language. How to correctly treat this unconventional language phenomenon and its causes play an important role in the development of nomenclature and verb transformation, and in the creative use of language. It is meaningful to appreciate the creativity of language, so it is very valuable to study it. According to the definition of part of speech transformation, the so-called nomenclature and verb transfer word means that the noun does not change the form of the word directly as a verb in a specific context, obtains the syntactic characteristics of the verb, and derives the corresponding action meaning. This phenomenon is very common in English and ancient Chinese, and also has a growing trend in modern Chinese. The appearance of nomenclature and verb transformation reflects the economic principle of language and can produce strong pragmatic effect, so it is of great research value. From the perspective of cognitive semantics, this paper discusses the semantic expression and understanding of noun-verb-metaphoric words. This paper points out that the semantic basis of the noun is the connotative meaning of the noun, and the basic motivation of the semantic derivation of the noun is the typical characteristic of the object referred to by the noun. This paper points out that the semantic derivation of noun-verb-type words is realized by means of metaphor and extension. The semantic derivation of nouns is the result of semantic deviation of native nouns: the original nouns shift from literal to metaphorical meanings through metaphor and the original nouns from referential meanings to descriptive meanings by extension. This paper analyzes the causes of noun-verb-to-class words from two aspects of language and psychology. The lack of objective language is the direct reason for the formation of noun-verb-to-class words. The pursuit of conciseness and innovation is the psychological factor of the formation of noun. This paper evaluates the phenomenon of nomenclature, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the phenomenon, and finally expounds the implications of noun and verb for vocabulary teaching, dictionary compilation and Chinese-English translation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H04

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