时量成分和宾语的位置关系研究
发布时间:2018-12-06 10:07
【摘要】:本文研究的是时量成分和宾语的语序问题,一共分为五章。 本文先就这一问题的研究进行综述回顾,然后在语料库的基础上对语法分布进行描写,接着在语义层面对这一问题进行分析,最后再在语用和韵律层面对这一问题进行解释,我们将韵律上的因素主要归为语用一类。我们认为,时量成分和宾语的语序受制于语义和语用,语用中包含汉语韵律的因素。 本文第一章为绪论,阐明了选题的意义,界定了研究范围,并且对过往研究进行综述,提出了自己的研究方法和语料来源。 第二章对时量成分和宾语位置的分布进行了描写,涉及肯定句和否定句两方面,此外还描写了“了”对这一结构的影响。通过实际的语料调查提出,通常认为在否定句中,时量成分须前置于述语动词,充当状语的结论并不可靠。而充当状语的时量成分也有可能出现在肯定句中。 第三章运用认知语言学和认知心理学理论,在认知图景的框架中,先是分析了述语动词的语义凸显因素,对时量成分和宾语与动词共现起着决定性的影响,V+C+0的语序是距离象似动因运作的结果。但是,当宾语为人称代词时,由于人称代词一般不含新信息,无法充当句尾的常规焦点,外加人称代词语义较虚、语音较弱,无论从历时角度,还是在现代汉语的共时平面中,多为单音节呈现,在音节数上需要和同样在本结构中多为单音节呈现的动词组合成双音节句法单位,这是人称代词前置于时量成分的根本原因。动词的持续性语义因素对时量补语和宾语的位置关系也有决定性影响,这是认知上的时间顺序在句法中的反映。当动词不具备持续的语义特征时,时量成分必然后置于宾语。第三,由于时量成分作状语的语义内涵为在某一时间段里发生或者没有发生过某种行为,否定的语义内容不同,决定了时量成分的句法地位有所不同。所以作状语不仅可以出现在否定句中,也可以出现在肯定句中。最后,在这一章,我们还从认知语义的角度分析了表时态意义的“了”,以及时量成分和宾语之间有“的”和无“的”的语义差别。 第四章,我们从语用的角度考察了时量成分和宾语位置的生成原理。首先,我们回顾了时量成分和宾语语序的历时发展,发现并没有如有些学者所说,V+C+O将是发展的趋势。其次,我们运用了指别性和信息焦点理论,指出时量成分居后还是宾语居后,是语言使用者选择的结果,当然这是要在语义成立的前提下进行的。也就是当语用原则和语义的协调性发生冲突时,遵从语义的协调性原则。最后,在这一章,我们指出,汉语韵律对句法的影响。总结出了在语序上“音节数少的成分前置于音节数多的成分”这一韵律规律,以及动词的单音节数是造成时量补语和宾语后置于动词的重要原因,也正因为如此,时量补语和宾语的位置关系,根本上也还是取决于动词的语义因素的。 最后第五章为结语部分。归纳总结了本文的主要内容,在本文研究的基础上,构拟了时量成分和宾语语序的生成机制图示。
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the problem of the order of time and object, which is divided into five chapters. In this paper, the study of this problem is reviewed, then the grammatical distribution is described on the basis of the corpus, then the problem is analyzed at the semantic level, and the problem is solved at the pragmatic and prosodic level. On the other hand, we will focus on the prosodic factors as a pragmatic one. In our opinion, the language order of the quantity and object is subject to the semantic and pragmatic, and the pragmatic contains the reason of the Chinese prosody. The first chapter is the introduction, the meaning of the topic is clarified, the research scope is defined, the past research is reviewed, and the research method and the language are put forward. In the second chapter, the distribution of the component and the object position is described in the second chapter, which relates to the two aspects of the affirmative sentence and the negative sentence, and also describes the 鈥淚t's time to go鈥,
本文编号:2365868
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the problem of the order of time and object, which is divided into five chapters. In this paper, the study of this problem is reviewed, then the grammatical distribution is described on the basis of the corpus, then the problem is analyzed at the semantic level, and the problem is solved at the pragmatic and prosodic level. On the other hand, we will focus on the prosodic factors as a pragmatic one. In our opinion, the language order of the quantity and object is subject to the semantic and pragmatic, and the pragmatic contains the reason of the Chinese prosody. The first chapter is the introduction, the meaning of the topic is clarified, the research scope is defined, the past research is reviewed, and the research method and the language are put forward. In the second chapter, the distribution of the component and the object position is described in the second chapter, which relates to the two aspects of the affirmative sentence and the negative sentence, and also describes the 鈥淚t's time to go鈥,
本文编号:2365868
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