德语区学生汉语状语语序偏误分析及教学对策研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 16:01

【摘要】：近年来，全球掀起了一股“汉语热”，越来越多的国家开始关注汉语的教学和学习。中欧贸易合作不断深入，中国已经成为德语国家的最大经贸甚至文化交流方面的合作伙伴之一。作为促进交流的工具和文化的载体，如今在很多德语国家的中小学和高等院校中，汉语为越来越多的师生所欢迎。不仅德国的大中小学开设了汉语课程，其他德语国家如奥地利、瑞士等也将汉语学习列入他们的教学大纲之中。而德语区学生习得汉语存在诸多难点，其中汉语状语语序习得方面偏误较多，所以研究相关偏误类型，并提出针对性的教学建议，具有非常重要的意义。首先，通过阅读和研究大量汉语和德语的语法书籍，阐述了汉语、德语状语的定义和分类，总结描述汉德状语的句法特征，，并对比分析出两种状语语序的区别。汉、德两种语言的状语，在语序问题上，有不同的特点，这也是造成德语区学生汉语状语习得偏误的一大因素。其次，本文从多渠道获取了学生习得偏误的语料，包括对在德学生以及在中国的德语区学生进行的问卷测试，笔者教学收集的相关案例，此外还有北京语言大学HSK动态语料库以及相关论著中的偏误语料。基于这些偏误语料，本文归纳了德语区学生习得汉语状语时易产生的语序偏误类型：单项状语语序偏误和多项状语语序偏误，并具体分析了内部的偏误小类，探究产生这些问题的语言内部和外部因素。然后从教师教学、学生学习、教材编写等方面，针对汉语状语语序提出了一些教学建议和策略。比如在编写教材的课后习题时，可以针对不同水平的学生设计难度不一的连词成句、看图说话题等；对德语区学生的状语语序训练，应该侧重否定状语、对象状语、方式状语等方面的语序讲解等。本文的研究成果能帮助对外汉语教师了解德语区学生习得状语时出现的偏误类型及原因，并进行有针对性的重点操练，从而减少德语区学生习得汉语状语语序的障碍。同时也可以帮助德语区学生掌握汉语状语的语序规律以及汉德状语语序的差异，由此更有效地习得汉语状语语序。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more countries begin to pay attention to the teaching and learning of Chinese. With the deepening of China-EU trade cooperation, China has become one of the largest economic, trade and cultural exchange partners of German-speaking countries. As a tool and a carrier of culture, Chinese is now popular with more and more teachers and students in schools and institutions of higher learning in many German-speaking countries. Not only do German universities and primary schools offer Chinese courses, but other German-speaking countries, such as Austria and Switzerland, also include Chinese learning in their syllabuses. However, there are many difficulties in the acquisition of Chinese by German language students, among which there are many errors in the acquisition of Chinese adverbial word order, so it is of great significance to study the types of related errors and put forward targeted teaching suggestions. First, by reading and studying a large number of grammar books in Chinese and German, this paper expounds the definition and classification of Chinese and German adverbials, summarizes and describes the syntactic characteristics of Hande adverbial, and compares the differences between the two adverbials. The adverbials in Chinese and German have different characteristics in word order, which is also a major factor of errors in the acquisition of adverbials in German language regions. Secondly, this paper obtains the data of students' acquisition errors from various channels, including the questionnaire test of students in Germany and German-speaking area students in China, and the relevant cases collected by the author in teaching. In addition, there are the HSK dynamic Corpus of Beijing language and language University and the errors in related works. Based on these errors, this paper summarizes the types of word order errors that occur in the acquisition of Chinese adverbials by German language students: monomial adverbial order errors and multi-adverbial word order errors, and analyzes the internal subcategories of errors. Explore the internal and external factors that cause these problems. Then it puts forward some teaching suggestions and strategies for Chinese adverbial word order from the aspects of teachers' teaching, students' learning and textbook compiling. For example, in the preparation of the textbooks after class exercises, can be aimed at different levels of students to design different levels of conjunctions into sentences, to see the topic of illustration and so on; The training of adverbial word order for German students should focus on negative adverbial, object adverbial, mode adverbial and so on. The research results of this paper can help TCFL teachers to understand the types and causes of errors in the acquisition of adverbials by Germanic students, and carry out focused exercises, thus reducing the obstacles to the acquisition of Chinese adverbial word order by Germanic language students. At the same time, it can help the students of German language to master the rules of Chinese adverbial word order and the difference of Chinese adverbial word order, so that they can acquire Chinese adverbial word order more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H195.3

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