中韩四部初级汉语教材词语对比分析

发布时间：2018-12-17 06:23

【摘要】：本文选取四部初级汉语教材为研究对象，其中两部为韩国编者编写的教材，两部为中国编者编写的教材，从教材词语难度等级、词性分布、词义类分布以及词语重现情况四个角度考察四部教材词语异同。我们以《现代汉语词典》、《现代汉语分类词典》和《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》为标准，并结合和现有的研究成果，考察四部教材的词语情况，分析反映在教材词语上的国别特征。通过对教材词语的统计分析，我们发现这四部教材有以下一些特点：词语难度分布上，四部教材词语与《大纲》进行对比之后，，都是初级词占绝大多数，但同时四部教材都存在一定比例的超纲词，在一定程度上反映教材的侧重点以及教材编写者的教材编写理念。词性分布上，四部教材各有特点，但都是以实词为主，实词中名词的比例最高，此外都注重了量词的学习，四部教材差异不大。语义类分布上，四部教材都出现了随着社会的发展兴起的新词，可以说四部教材都注意了跟上时代的步伐，但是中韩教材中的词语在语义类上存在明显的差异，主要体现在1.韩国教材更注重中国文化和中国国情相关的内容；2.中国教材的词语多为留学生在中国学习和生活常用的词语；3.韩国教材词语中没有明显的和留学生活有关的词汇；4.韩国教材中的词语包含更多韩国文化特有的词语。重复率方面，我们按照高、中、低的标准划分每部教材中出现的词语的出现频率，着重分析中频率词。总之，通过对这四部教材词语的统计分析我们发现，韩、中教材词语上的差异主要体现在词语的语义上；同时我们也发现四部教材之间在词语上也存在差异，即教材词语上的差异不仅体现在不同国别的教材上，两部中国教材和两部韩国教材在词语的数量、语义内容以及重现状况上都存在一定程度的不同。
[Abstract]:In this paper, four primary Chinese textbooks are selected as the research object, two of which are compiled by Korean editors and two by Chinese editors. This paper investigates the similarities and differences of words in four textbooks from four angles: the distribution of word meaning and the reappearance of words. Taking the Modern Chinese Dictionary, the Modern Chinese Classification Dictionary and the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters as the criteria, and combining with the existing research results, we investigate the vocabulary situation of the four textbooks. This paper analyzes the country characteristics reflected in the teaching materials. Through the statistical analysis of the words in the teaching materials, we find that the four textbooks have the following characteristics: the distribution of the difficulty of the words, after the comparison between the words in the four textbooks and the outline, it is the primary words that account for the vast majority. But at the same time, there is a certain proportion of supersyllabus words in the four textbooks, which to a certain extent reflects the emphasis of the textbook and the textbook compilers' idea of compiling the textbook. In terms of the distribution of parts of speech, each of the four textbooks has its own characteristics, but all of them are based on notional words, and the proportion of nouns in notional words is the highest. In addition, they all pay attention to the study of classifiers, and there is little difference among the four textbooks. In the distribution of semantic categories, the four textbooks have appeared new words with the development of society. It can be said that the four textbooks have paid attention to keeping up with the pace of the times, but there are obvious differences in semantic categories between Chinese and Korean textbooks, mainly reflected in 1. South Korean textbooks pay more attention to Chinese culture and China's national conditions related to the content; 2. Most of the words in Chinese textbooks are used by foreign students to study and live in China. There are no obvious words related to the life of studying abroad in Korean textbooks. 4. Korean textbooks contain more words specific to Korean culture. In terms of repetition rate, we divide the frequency of words appearing in each textbook according to the standards of high, middle and low, with emphasis on the analysis of middle frequency words. In a word, through the statistical analysis of the words in the four textbooks, we find that the differences between Korean and Chinese teaching materials are mainly reflected in the semantics of the words; At the same time, we also find that there are differences between the four textbooks in terms of words, that is, the differences in teaching materials are not only reflected in the teaching materials of different countries, but also in the number of words in two Chinese textbooks and two Korean textbooks. There are some differences in semantic content and reproduction.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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