现代汉语结果体研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 01:11

【摘要】：体貌问题研究一直是语法研究中的一个热点，同时也是难点之一。以往的研究虽然在很多方面取得了重要进展，但是对于体貌范畴中一个十分重要的次范畴——结果体，学界对其关注甚少。有鉴于此，我们将现代汉语结果体作为本文的研究对象，对其内涵及性质进行概括和阐释，并且提出鉴别结果体标记词的四条标准以此来廓清结果体标记词的范围。除此以外，文章最后还以结果体“掉”为个案研究，对其进行了句法功能及语用上的描写分析，以期进一步加深对结果体在共时平面上的认识。全文共分五章。第一章是绪论部分。主要介绍了本文的选题缘起，理论背景，研究对象，研究方法，章节安排及语料来源。在理论背景部分着重阐明了以下几个问题：一是明确了本文所要研究的结果体属于“语法体”的一种，是由句法平面上的语法标记来表现的体范畴。它必须是已经完全虚化，只表示语法意义的助词。二是通过对以往体范畴研究的梳理，明确了考察体意义必须要结合句子，，虽然动词是体意义的主要体现者，但却不是唯一的。三是明确了体与动词、情状类型之间的选择制约关系。第二章对现代汉语结果体的内涵及其性质进行了概括和阐释。首先，对前人关于现代汉语结果体的研究做一综述，继而在前人研究成果的基础上，提出结果体的内涵：“结果体表达的是对事件在时间的发展进程中完成并且有了结果的这一阶段的观察方式。”并对这一概念加以解释。其次，提出了现代汉语结果体的三个性质：非完整体、动态性、界变性，并且对这三个性质进行了详细地阐释。最后，根据结果体的内涵及性质，对其所能参与构成的情状类型进行了论证。第三章是对现代汉语结果体标记词的确立。文章在前人研究的基础上，对如何判别现代汉语结果体的标记词提出了四条标准，即（1）词义已经虚化，只表示语法意义，不表示词汇意义，动词（形容词）与体标记之间不能有“因V而X”的因果语义关系；（2）在句中不能指派论元；（3）不能单独对是非疑问句进行回答；（4）具有[+完成][+结果]的语义特征，不能用“着”进行替换。然后根据这四条标准对具有结果意义的虚化结果补语和趋向补语进行一一剥离，从而确立出结果体的标记词。分别是从结果补语中剥离出来的“掉、着（zháo）”和从趋向补语中剥离出来的“上、上来、下、下来、起、起来、到”，共计九个。最后文章还对结果体标记与实现体标记“了”进行了比较分析，以此加深对结果体意义的理解。第四章是对结果体的个案研究。我们选取“掉”作为个案，对其进行共时平面上句法功能和语用上的描写、以及参与构成情状类型的分析，并且对其虚化的机制进行了适当的概括。第五章是结语部分。对全文内容进行了梳理和总结，指出本文的创新及不足，并且对日后有待继续研究的问题提出了展望。
[Abstract]:The study of body appearance has always been a hot topic in grammar research, and it is also one of the difficult points. Although the previous studies have made important progress in many aspects, the academic circles pay little attention to a very important sub-category in the category of body appearance, the result body. In view of this, we take the result aspect of modern Chinese as the object of this paper, generalize and explain its connotation and nature, and propose four criteria for distinguishing the result aspect marker to clarify the scope of the result aspect marker. In addition, the article also takes the result aspect "drop" as a case study, and analyzes its syntactic function and pragmatics in order to further deepen the understanding of the result aspect in the synchronic plane. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the origin, theoretical background, research object, research method, chapter arrangement and corpus source of this paper. In the theoretical background, the following problems are emphasized: first, it is clear that the result aspect is a kind of "grammatical aspect", which is represented by grammatical markers on the syntactic plane. It must be an auxiliary word that has been completely empty and represents only grammatical meaning. Secondly, by combing the past aspect category research, it is clear that the aspect meaning must be combined with sentences. Although verbs are the main embodiment of aspect meaning, they are not the only ones. Thirdly, it clarifies the relationship between the choice of aspect and verb and the type of situation. The second chapter generalizes and explains the connotation and nature of the outcome aspect in modern Chinese. First of all, it summarizes the previous researches on the outcome aspect of modern Chinese, and then on the basis of the previous research results, The connotation of the result body is put forward: "the result body expresses the way of observing the stage in which the event is completed in the process of development of time and the result is obtained." And to explain this concept. Secondly, three properties of the result aspect of modern Chinese are put forward: non-complete whole, dynamic and bounded, and the three properties are explained in detail. Finally, according to the connotation and nature of the resultant body, it demonstrates the type of the situation which it can participate in. The third chapter is about the establishment of the result aspect markers in modern Chinese. On the basis of previous studies, this paper puts forward four criteria for distinguishing the markers of the result aspect of modern Chinese: (1) the meaning of the word has become empty and only means the grammatical meaning, not the lexical meaning; There is no causal semantic relation between verb (adjective) and aspect marker. (2) the argument can not be assigned in the sentence; (3) the non-interrogative sentence can not be answered alone; (4) the semantic feature of [complete] [result] can not be replaced by "Ze". Then according to these four criteria, we peel off one by one the empty resultant complement and the directional complement with the result meaning, and then establish the marker word of the result aspect. They are "zh 谩 o" from the resultant complement and "up" from the directional complement, up, down, up, nine. Finally, a comparative analysis is made between the result volume marker and the realized volume marker in order to better understand the meaning of the result volume. The fourth chapter is a case study of the outcome body. We choose "drop" as a case study, describe synchronic syntactic functions and pragmatics, and analyze the types of situation formation, and make an appropriate summary of its empty mechanism. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. This paper reviews and summarizes the content of this paper, points out the innovation and deficiency of this paper, and puts forward the prospect of the problems to be studied in the future.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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