广州话语调的音系学分析

发布时间：2018-12-18 15:56

【摘要】：语调是口语中一个必不可少的组成成分，它一般感知为带有特定意义的语流，描述为具有抑扬顿挫的音高移动序列。但在声学上语调可以体现为声音基频的连续体，因此局部位置的音高事件在语调研究中也逐渐成为语言学热点。在声调语言中，词汇声调的基频变化对话语整体曲拱的形成有着巨大的影响。而广州话作为一种典型的声调语言，学界上认为它有六个声调和九种调型发音，其声调系统比汉语普通话更为复杂。虽然曾有许多研究对广州话语调进行分析，或对广州话声调和语调的关系进行探讨，但这些研究仅仅用传统的感知方法来讨论广州话语调，或者只是关注于语调区分句子类型的功能。而鲜少有人尝试从语音学角度对广州话语调进行音系学的分析。而一个重要的问题是当前许多广州话语调的研究都大多倾向于使用香港广州话，而我们认为广州是广州话的发源地，广州本地所使用的语言应成为广州话研究的对象。本文通过两个对广州本地母语者的语音实验观察广州话语调的声学特征，，并以此对广州话语调进行音系学分析。实验设计是对广州本地人的自然话语进行录音。首先实验的材料是不同长度和不同类型的简单话语，用于语调特征分析的讨论。第二个实验则是对相同音节但不同声调的词汇进行录音，以探讨声调单独存在的语音表现。本文基于自主音段-节律（AM）理论的框架，讨论了广州话的语调结构以及其他相关的语调问题，如节律结构、中介短语和衰减。最后根据实验显示的语音特征及音系学分析，论文提出利用三个水平调对广州话语调的音系描写。通过对比词汇声调单独存在的基频曲拱和它们在话语中的基频变化，广州话语调的誉写中除了欧洲语调描写中常用的H（高）和L（低）水平调外，还增加了一个M （中）的水平调。
[Abstract]:Intonation is an essential component of spoken English. It is generally perceived as a flow with a specific meaning and described as a series of pitch movements with cadence. However, intonation can be reflected as a continuum of fundamental frequency in acoustics. Therefore, pitch events in local positions have gradually become a linguistic hotspot in intonation research. In tone language, the fundamental frequency change of vocabulary tone has a great influence on the formation of the whole arch of discourse. As a typical tone language, Guanzhou dialect has six tones and nine tones, and its tone system is more complicated than Mandarin Chinese. Although many studies have analyzed the intonation of Guangzhou dialect or explored the relationship between tone and intonation of Guangzhou dialect, these studies have only used traditional perceptual methods to discuss the intonation of Cantonese. Or just focus on the function of intonation to distinguish sentence types. Few people try to make phonological analysis of Guangzhou dialect intonation from the perspective of phonetics. An important problem is that most of the current researches on the tone of Guangzhou dialect tend to use Hong Kong Cantonese, and we think that Guangzhou is the birthplace of Guangzhou dialect, and the language used in Guangzhou should be the object of study of Guangzhou dialect. In this paper, two phonological experiments of native speakers in Guangzhou are conducted to observe the acoustic characteristics of the intonation of Guangzhou dialect, and to make phonological analysis of the intonation of Guangzhou dialect. The experimental design is to record the natural words of the local people in Guangzhou. At first, the material of the experiment is simple discourse of different length and different types, which is used to discuss intonation feature analysis. The second experiment is to record words with the same syllables but different tones to explore the phonological performance of individual tones. Based on the framework of autonomous segmental-rhythmic (AM) theory, this paper discusses the intonation structure of Cantonese and other related intonation problems, such as rhythmic structure, intermediate phrases and attenuation. Finally, according to the phonological characteristics and phonological analysis of the experiment, this paper puts forward the phonological description of Guangzhou dialect intonation by using three horizontal tones. By contrasting the fundamental frequency arches of vocabulary tones and their fundamental frequency changes in the discourse, besides the H (high) and L (low) levels commonly used in the description of European intonation, Guangzhou's key tone is not only H (high) and L (low). An M (middle) horizontal tone has also been added.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17

【参考文献】