HSK中高级惯用语分析及其对对外汉语教学的启示
发布时间：2019-01-15 20:53
【摘要】：惯用语是汉语词汇中比较特殊的一类。在本体研究方面，关于它的定义、分类以及归属问题，，学界还有很多不同意见。对外汉语的惯用语教学是一个比较复杂的工程，它没有规矩可循，而且总是东一处、西一处地隐藏在对话或者文章中，往往不能引起留学生和一部分对外汉语教师的足够重视。而惯用语又是各级HSK考试的必考内容，也往往是留学生的失分点，对于对外汉语教师来说，掌握一套简便、实用、高效的惯用语教学方法是当务之急。 本文避其纷争，以胡裕树对于惯用语的定义、孙维张等关于惯用语的特点、分类为基础，首先对惯用语的性质特点、语法结构、分类以及来源做了详细的论述。其次由HSK考试对惯用语的考察引出了《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》收录的50个惯用语，主要选取所收录的丙级、丁级即中高级32个惯用语，以前文所述惯用语的理论为指导对这32个惯用语进行了语音、语义、语法方面的结构分析，从语义表达和语法性质方面对它们进行了归类，在此基础上，对这32个中高级惯用语的解释和用法做了较为全面的总结。最后，以调查问卷为依托，对留学生在使用这32个惯用语上的偏误类型做了归纳，并由此上升到留学生在学习整个惯用语时容易出现的问题，在此基础上提出了对对外汉语教学中惯用语教学的启示。
[Abstract]:Idioms are a special type of Chinese vocabulary. In ontology research, there are still many different opinions about its definition, classification and attribution. The teaching of idioms in TCFL is a complicated project, which has no rules to follow, and it is always hidden in dialogue or article in one place of the east and one place in the west, which often fails to attract enough attention from foreign students and some teachers of Chinese as a foreign language. The idiom is the compulsory content of HSK examination at all levels, and it is often the point of losing scores for foreign students. For teachers of Chinese as a foreign language, it is urgent to master a set of simple, practical and efficient teaching methods of idioms. Based on Hu Yushu's definition of idioms, Sun Wei-zhang 's characteristics and classification of idioms, this paper first discusses in detail the nature, grammatical structure, classification and source of idioms. Secondly, the study of idioms in HSK test leads to the 50 idioms included in the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters, which are mainly selected as Grade C, Grade D, that is, 32 idioms in the middle and senior levels. Based on the theory of idioms mentioned above, this paper analyzes the structure of the 32 idioms in phonological, semantic and grammatical aspects, classifies them from the aspects of semantic expression and grammatical properties. The interpretation and usage of these 32 middle-and-high-level idioms are summarized. Finally, based on the questionnaire, this paper sums up the types of errors in the use of these 32 idioms by foreign students, and thus rises to the problems that arise when students study the whole idiom. On this basis, it puts forward the enlightenment to idiom teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：西安外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195
本文编号：2409102
[Abstract]:Idioms are a special type of Chinese vocabulary. In ontology research, there are still many different opinions about its definition, classification and attribution. The teaching of idioms in TCFL is a complicated project, which has no rules to follow, and it is always hidden in dialogue or article in one place of the east and one place in the west, which often fails to attract enough attention from foreign students and some teachers of Chinese as a foreign language. The idiom is the compulsory content of HSK examination at all levels, and it is often the point of losing scores for foreign students. For teachers of Chinese as a foreign language, it is urgent to master a set of simple, practical and efficient teaching methods of idioms. Based on Hu Yushu's definition of idioms, Sun Wei-zhang 's characteristics and classification of idioms, this paper first discusses in detail the nature, grammatical structure, classification and source of idioms. Secondly, the study of idioms in HSK test leads to the 50 idioms included in the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters, which are mainly selected as Grade C, Grade D, that is, 32 idioms in the middle and senior levels. Based on the theory of idioms mentioned above, this paper analyzes the structure of the 32 idioms in phonological, semantic and grammatical aspects, classifies them from the aspects of semantic expression and grammatical properties. The interpretation and usage of these 32 middle-and-high-level idioms are summarized. Finally, based on the questionnaire, this paper sums up the types of errors in the use of these 32 idioms by foreign students, and thus rises to the problems that arise when students study the whole idiom. On this basis, it puts forward the enlightenment to idiom teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：西安外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195
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相关期刊论文 前3条
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2 张宗华;;关于惯用语词典的收词问题[J];辞书研究;1985年05期
3 寸金燃;;对外汉语教学中的惯用语问题[J];大理学院学报;2007年07期
本文编号：2409102
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