比拟句的历时研究

发布时间：2019-01-16 07:56

【摘要】：比拟是用来表示两物或者两事之间有相似关系的结构，通常由本体、比拟动词、喻体和比拟助词四要素构成。本文以比拟句的形式标记为基准，着重从历时角度对汉语史上的比拟句进行考察，归结了他们在不同历史阶段的特点，勾勒出了其演变的轨迹。在关注比拟句具体句式发展进程的同时，本文还重点考察了比拟项的语义类型和相互关系，对比拟动词和比拟助词的分布情况进行了计量统计，还初步探讨了比拟句的发生机制。本文十分注重句法形式、语义特征、语用功能“三个平面”之间的有机结合。在比拟句的句法描写方面，我们以外在的形式标记为基础对其进行了分类，汉语史上的比拟句的句法形式无非四类：（A）（本体）+比拟动词+喻体；（B）（本体）+比拟动词+喻体+比拟助词；（C）（本体）+喻体+比拟助词；（D）喻体+比拟助词+本体。其中A、B两种形式均出现了比拟动词，C、D两种形式没有出现比拟动词。从形式出发，有比拟动词出现的句式我们按比拟动词的种类进行分类，无比拟动词出现的句式我们则按比拟助词的种类进行分类，并按照各个句式使用的频率高低为两大类句式划分出不同的小类。在比拟句的语义特征方面，比拟项的语义类型既可以是性质状态，也可以是动作行为；既可以是抽象事理，又可以是具体事物；既可以是外观体貌，也可以是情感态度。比拟双方要是分属不同语义范畴的事物，但在深层语义上又必须具有相似的特征，做到异中见同，同中见异。在比拟句的语用功能方面，本文着重论述了语言交际过程中比拟句的判定方法、比拟句含义的推断以及比拟句的构建机制。总之，汉语史上的比拟句不仅经历了句式上的演变，同时也伴有语义特征和语用功能的变化。上述变化是一个循序渐进的过程。
[Abstract]:Analogy is used to express the structure of two objects or similar relations between two things, which is usually composed of four elements: ontology, analogy verb, vehicle and analogy auxiliary. Based on the formal markers of analogue sentences, this paper makes a diachronic study of analogue sentences in Chinese history, summarizes their characteristics in different historical stages, and outlines their evolution paths. While paying close attention to the development process of the specific sentence pattern of the analogy sentence, this paper also focuses on the semantic type and the relationship of the analogy item, and carries on the econometric statistics on the distribution of the analogy verb and the analogy auxiliary word. The mechanism of analogue sentence is also discussed. This paper pays great attention to the organic combination of syntactic form, semantic features and pragmatic functions. In terms of syntactic description of analogue sentences, we classify them on the basis of external formal markers. The syntactic forms of analogue sentences in Chinese history are nothing more than four kinds of: (A) (Noumenon. (B) (Noumenon) analogy verb vehicle analogy auxiliary word; (C) (Noumenon) vehicle analogy auxiliary word; (D) analogy auxiliary Noumenon. Among them, the two forms of "A" B have "analogy" verb, and "C" D "form has no" analogy verb ". Starting from the form, we classify the sentence patterns of the analogous verbs according to the types of the analogous verbs, and the sentence patterns of the unparalleled verbs according to the types of analogous auxiliary words. According to the frequency of each sentence pattern, it is divided into two kinds of sentence patterns. In the semantic features of analogue sentences, the semantic types of analogy items can be either the nature state or the action behavior, the abstract principle, the concrete thing, the appearance, the emotion attitude. If the two sides belong to different semantic categories, they must have similar features in deep semantics, so that they can see the same and the same in the same way. In terms of the pragmatic functions of analogue sentences, this paper focuses on the determination of analogue sentences in the process of language communication, the inference of the meaning of analogue sentences and the construction mechanism of analogue sentences. In a word, the analogue sentence in Chinese history has not only experienced the evolution of sentence structure, but also accompanied by the change of semantic features and pragmatic functions. These changes are a gradual process.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3

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