《老乞大谚解》《朴通事谚解》与《训世评话》的词汇差异

发布时间：2019-02-09 17:51

【摘要】：《老谚》、《朴谚》的汉文部分跟《训世》成书时间仅相差约十年,又同是朝鲜人所编写的汉语口语教科书,可是它们的语言却存在一些明显的差异。文章通过三个表格列出"老朴"与《训世》的词汇差异一百多项,认为造成差异的主要原因不外乎四个方面:《老谚》《朴谚》有些词沿用《原老》《原朴》而未改;方言背景不同;文体和内容有异;编者个人用词习惯不同。文章举例分析了其中的前两个方面。初步结论是:《老谚》《朴谚》与《训世》的方言背景不同,《训世》中存在南方官话的成分;《老谚》《朴谚》使用的语言是明代前期(15世纪后期)的北方官话,其中还保留了一些元代"汉儿言语"的成分,《朴谚》中可能还存在少量南方官话的成分;《训世》编者李边所习得的可能是15世纪后期朱明皇朝上层人士所说的口语,其中的南方官话成分或许是北上的皇室集团从江淮地区带过去的,因此跟《老谚》《朴谚》所反映的地道的北京话相比呈现出若干不同的面貌。
[Abstract]:The Chinese part of "Old Proverbs" is only about ten years different from that of "training World", and it is also a spoken Chinese textbook written by Korean people, but there are some obvious differences in their languages. This paper lists more than 100 vocabulary differences between "Lao Pu" and "Xuan Shi" in three tables, and points out that the main reasons for the difference are four aspects: "Old Proverbs" > < simple Proverbs > some words are used "Old Proverbs" < "original simple" but have not been changed; Different background of dialect; different style and content; different personal usage of editor. The first two aspects are analyzed with examples. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: the dialect background of "Old Proverbs" and "simple Proverbs" is different from that of "Xuenshi", and there is the element of Southern Mandarin in "Xuanshi"; The language used in < Old Proverbs > is the Northern Mandarin in the early Ming Dynasty (late 15th century), in which some elements of "Han'er language" in Yuan Dynasty are retained, and a few elements of Southern Mandarin may also exist in the "simple Proverbs". What Li Bian learned by the editor of the "training World" may have been the spoken language spoken by the upper echelons of Zhu Ming's imperial dynasty in the late 15th century, in which the southern Mandarin elements may have been brought by the northward royal clique from the Jianghuai region. Therefore, there are a number of different features compared with the authentic Beijing dialect reflected in Old Proverbs.
【作者单位】：浙江大学汉语史研究中心;
【分类号】：H031

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