语气词“了”的情态与体研究
发布时间：2019-02-09 18:30
【摘要】：现代汉语虚词“了”的研究一直是汉语语法研究的热点与难点问题。对于“了”的义项划分，“了”的语法意义，“了”的体标记用法等方面的探讨直到现在依旧是歧见纷出，难于统一。虽然语气词“了”作为完成体标记的用法已得到了一些学者的肯定与论证，但是对其句法限制及其认知理据方面没有进一步的研究与探索。同时，汉语语气词也是表达情态的一种手段。认知语言学认为情态与体都充当句子所指事件的核心图式的背景成分，为事件提供背景信息。而目前有对于语气词“了”的情态与体尚未有全面系统的研究，因此，本文将结合经典的体研究理论和认知语言学相关理论，具体研究以下三个问题： （1）在陈述句中，语气词“了”在何种句法条件下同时表达情态与体？又在何种句法条件下只作为语气词单表情态？ （2）语气词“了”同时表达情态与体时，潜在的认知理据是什么? (3)语气词“了”在祈使句感叹句中分别具备怎样的情态意义？ 通过纠正以往对于体的理解方面出现的偏差，一改传统情态研究中的语言偏向，从有界与无界的角度认识了完成体的本质，并从主观化角度重新解读了情态。本文主要结论有： （1）当语气词“了”关联的是一个有界情状时，它同时表达情态与体，此时它的情态意义是强调先前情状的当时相关性，并将这一相关性背景化；相反，当语气词“了”关联的是一个无界情状，它只作语气词。此时的情态意义是肯定和强调事态的变化。 （2）语气词“了”能同时表达情态与体是由于语气词“了”的情态意义主要源于语气词“了”的完成体用法，因为完成体表达的是发生在两个时点上的两个情状的相关性，构建客观情状相关性的过程也是说话者表达主观态度和看法的过程，即我们所说的情态。 （3）语气词“了”用于祈使句中，，其情态意义是用更委婉的语气强调事态的变化，而语气词“了”在感叹句中的所具备的情态意义是对形容词性谓词所指状态的主观肯定和强调。 本文对语气词“了”的情态与体的系统研究对我们的对外汉语教学以及现代汉语中其它语气词的情态与体研究都具有一定的指导与启示意义。
[Abstract]:The study of the function word "la" in modern Chinese has always been a hot and difficult problem in the study of Chinese grammar. It is difficult to unify the meaning division, grammatical meaning and aspect marking usage of "er" until now. Although the use of the modal word "Shi" as a perfect aspect marker has been affirmed and demonstrated by some scholars, there is no further research and exploration on its syntactic limitation and cognitive motivation. At the same time, Chinese modal words are also a means of expressing modality. Cognitive linguistics holds that both modality and aspect serve as the background elements of the core schema of the event referred to in a sentence and provide background information for the event. However, there has not been a comprehensive and systematic study on modal and aspect of modal words. Therefore, this paper will combine classical aspect study theory with cognitive linguistics theory. This paper studies the following three questions: (1) in the declarative sentence, the modal word "has" expressed both modality and aspect under what syntactic conditions? Under what syntactic conditions are they only used as modal words with single expression? (2) what are the underlying cognitive motivations when the modal and aspect are expressed simultaneously? (3) the modal word "has" been used in the imperative sentence? What are the modal meanings of exclamatory sentences? By correcting the deviation in understanding the aspect of aspect in the past, we change the linguistic bias in the traditional modal research, recognize the essence of the perfect aspect from the angle of bounded and unbounded, and reinterpret the modality from the subjective point of view. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) when the motif "has" relevance is a bounded situation, it expresses both modality and body at the same time, and its modal meaning is to emphasize the temporal relevance of the previous situation and to background this correlation; On the contrary, when the modal word "has" been associated with an unbounded situation, it is only used as the modal word. The modal meaning at this time is to affirm and emphasize the change of the state of affairs. (2) the modal meaning of modal word "er" can express both modality and aspect at the same time because the modal meaning of the modal word "er" is mainly derived from the use of the perfect aspect of the modal word "er", because the perfect aspect expresses the correlation between the two situations that occur at two time points. The process of constructing the objective correlation is also the process of the speaker expressing his subjective attitude and view, that is, the modality. (3) the motif "has" been used in imperative sentences, the modal meaning of which is to emphasize the change of events in a more euphemistic tone, The modal meaning of the modal in exclamatory sentences is the subjective affirmation and emphasis on the state of adjective predicate. This paper makes a systematic study of the modal and aspect of the modal word "has" been used in our teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. The study of modal and aspect of other modal words in modern Chinese has some guiding and enlightening significance.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2419269
[Abstract]:The study of the function word "la" in modern Chinese has always been a hot and difficult problem in the study of Chinese grammar. It is difficult to unify the meaning division, grammatical meaning and aspect marking usage of "er" until now. Although the use of the modal word "Shi" as a perfect aspect marker has been affirmed and demonstrated by some scholars, there is no further research and exploration on its syntactic limitation and cognitive motivation. At the same time, Chinese modal words are also a means of expressing modality. Cognitive linguistics holds that both modality and aspect serve as the background elements of the core schema of the event referred to in a sentence and provide background information for the event. However, there has not been a comprehensive and systematic study on modal and aspect of modal words. Therefore, this paper will combine classical aspect study theory with cognitive linguistics theory. This paper studies the following three questions: (1) in the declarative sentence, the modal word "has" expressed both modality and aspect under what syntactic conditions? Under what syntactic conditions are they only used as modal words with single expression? (2) what are the underlying cognitive motivations when the modal and aspect are expressed simultaneously? (3) the modal word "has" been used in the imperative sentence? What are the modal meanings of exclamatory sentences? By correcting the deviation in understanding the aspect of aspect in the past, we change the linguistic bias in the traditional modal research, recognize the essence of the perfect aspect from the angle of bounded and unbounded, and reinterpret the modality from the subjective point of view. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) when the motif "has" relevance is a bounded situation, it expresses both modality and body at the same time, and its modal meaning is to emphasize the temporal relevance of the previous situation and to background this correlation; On the contrary, when the modal word "has" been associated with an unbounded situation, it is only used as the modal word. The modal meaning at this time is to affirm and emphasize the change of the state of affairs. (2) the modal meaning of modal word "er" can express both modality and aspect at the same time because the modal meaning of the modal word "er" is mainly derived from the use of the perfect aspect of the modal word "er", because the perfect aspect expresses the correlation between the two situations that occur at two time points. The process of constructing the objective correlation is also the process of the speaker expressing his subjective attitude and view, that is, the modality. (3) the motif "has" been used in imperative sentences, the modal meaning of which is to emphasize the change of events in a more euphemistic tone, The modal meaning of the modal in exclamatory sentences is the subjective affirmation and emphasis on the state of adjective predicate. This paper makes a systematic study of the modal and aspect of the modal word "has" been used in our teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. The study of modal and aspect of other modal words in modern Chinese has some guiding and enlightening significance.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
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