浅谈中高级阶段汉语国际教育中的成语文化创意教学

发布时间：2019-02-10 19:31

【摘要】：成语有着悠久的历史，浓缩了中华上下五千年的文明，是中华民族智慧的结晶，是经过长期沉淀，约定俗成的用语，被称为中华文化的“活化石”和“集成块”。在汉文化中，成语的使用随处可见，使用频率也很高，数量庞大，并且反映了中国人特有的思维方式和民族心理。因此要想学好汉语，真正了解汉文化，融入到汉民族生活圈中去，就必须重视对汉语成语的学习。成语是中高级阶段外籍留学生学习汉语的兴趣点也是难点所在。这是因为留学生到了中高级阶段，对汉语的理解力有了质的飞跃，而且生活中和学习中不可避免会接触到大量的成语，由于对汉文化和历史缺乏了解以及受自身民族文化的干扰和母语负迁移的影响，含有大量中国历史文化的成语就成为了其学习的障碍之一。而大多数成语具有的古典性、故事性、趣味性又成为了留学生迫切了解中国文化的兴趣所在。可以说，大多数留学生对成语是“既恨又爱”的，而帮助留学生渡过这一难关，提高留学生的汉语表达能力，也成为对外汉语教学避无可避的问题之一。现代心理学之父皮亚杰说过，“所有智力方面的工作都要依赖于兴趣。”[1]爱因斯坦也说过“兴趣是最好的老师”。兴趣是激发学生学习积极性，从而提高学习效率的必要。[2]本文基于对成语教学的浅略分析和探讨，在以往著作文献理论基础上，探讨了对外汉语成语教学中的现状和不足，并阐述了对外汉语成语教学的必要性和重要性。试图从激发学生兴趣的角度总结出成语教学的具体方法，将创意教学引入到对外汉语成语教学中来，希望藉此能够扩大留学生词汇量和猜词能力，提高留学生的阅读能力和对成语文化的理解能力，从而使留学生能够正确理解和运用成语，提高汉语水平，，同时笔者希望借此能够对汉语学习者以及汉语国际教育教师提供一定的帮助，为以后的成语教学研究提供可供参考的思路和启迪。因考虑到只有具备一定的汉语水平，才会接触到大量的成语，因此本文的教学对象定为中高级阶段的外籍留学生。
[Abstract]:Idioms have a long history, condensed the Chinese civilization of five thousand years, is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation, after a long period of precipitation, common language, known as the Chinese culture "living fossil" and "integrated block". In Chinese culture, idioms are used everywhere, frequently and in large quantities, and reflect the Chinese unique mode of thinking and national psychology. Therefore, if we want to learn Chinese well, really understand Chinese culture, and integrate into the life circle of Han nationality, we must attach importance to the study of Chinese idioms. Idiom is also a difficult point for foreign students to learn Chinese. This is because at the middle and advanced stage, the students have made a qualitative leap in understanding Chinese, and they will inevitably come into contact with a large number of idioms in their life and study. Due to the lack of understanding of the Chinese culture and history and the influence of their own national culture and the negative transfer of their mother tongue, the idioms containing a large number of Chinese historical cultures have become one of the obstacles to their learning. But most idioms have the classical, the story, the interest has become the foreign student to understand the Chinese culture urgently the interest. It can be said that most foreign students "hate and love" the idiom, and helping them to tide over this difficulty and improve their ability of expressing Chinese has become one of the unavoidable problems in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Piaget, the father of modern psychology, said, "all intellectual work depends on interest." [1] Einstein also said that "interest is the best teacher." Interest is the necessity of arousing students' enthusiasm for learning so as to improve their learning efficiency. [2] based on the brief analysis and discussion of idiom teaching, and on the basis of previous works and literature theories, This paper probes into the present situation and deficiency in teaching Chinese idioms as a foreign language, and expounds the necessity and importance of teaching idioms as a foreign language. This paper tries to sum up the concrete methods of idiom teaching from the angle of arousing students' interest and to introduce creative teaching into the teaching of Chinese idioms as a foreign language in the hope of expanding the vocabulary and guessing ability of foreign students. Improve students' reading ability and understanding of idiom culture, so that students can understand and use idioms correctly and improve their Chinese level. At the same time, the author hopes to provide some help for Chinese learners and teachers of international Chinese education, and provide some reference ideas and enlightenment for the later idiom teaching research. Considering that only if we have a certain level of Chinese, we will come into contact with a large number of idioms, so the teaching object of this paper is foreign students in middle and advanced stage.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H193

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