“X什么X”构式的认知研究

发布时间：2019-03-12 12:20

【摘要】：汉语中有一种特殊的表达式“X什么X”，常见于非正式口语交际用法，，主要表达否定意义以及说话者的不满情绪。从上世纪80年代开始，越来越多的学者关注这一构式，他们主要从语音、语法、语义、语用等方面对此构式进行了研究。近年来，随着国内对认知构式语法的引入和实践，“X什么X”构式的研究也成为近期热点之一。相对而言，前人对此构式的研究大多是描述性的，虽然有部分研究涉及到了构式语法的理论思想，国内仍没有学者从构式语法角度深入分析此构式的意义建构过程和内在认知机制。本文试图以Goldberg的认知构式语法为理论基础，对“X什么X”构式进行全面的认知识解。首先，根据Goldberg对构式的定义以及构式存在的判断标准，验证“X什么X”构式并不是一个简单的语法结构，而是一个概念上的构式。其次，本文依据“基于用法模型”,自建语料库，对“X什么X”构式的大量实例进行定量分析，得出两个可行的分类：即祈使否定（“X1什么X1”构式）和陈述否定（“X2什么X2”构式），并总结两类构式的表层特征。再次，对“X什么X”构式的两个主要次类分别进行认知语义分析，得出不同词类进入“X1什么X1”构式会受到不同程度的构式压制，其中涉及不同类型的转喻机制，这些认知机制在构式意义的建构过程中起着重要作用；同时本人发现“X2什么X2”构式的具体实例在不同情境下所表达的否定情绪呈现出一个由强到弱的连续统，相应的主观化程度也是由高到低的连续统，各层级之间没有明显界限，这也再次验证了认知语言学中的原型范畴理念。最后，本文尝试总结“X什么X”构式使用的限制条件。根据分析结果发现，这些限制条件大多数是由情景语境触发的。其中“X1什么X1”构式的限制条件与各种认知机制关联较紧密；而“X2什么X2”构式则在上下文语境方面的选择上有较强的依赖性。
[Abstract]:There is a special expression "X what X" in Chinese, which is commonly used in informal oral communication, which mainly expresses the negative meaning and the discontent of the speaker. Since 1980's, more and more scholars have paid attention to this construction, mainly from the aspects of pronunciation, grammar, semantics, pragmatics and so on. In recent years, with the introduction and practice of cognitive construction grammar in China, the research on "X what X" has become one of the hotspots in recent years. Relatively speaking, most of the previous studies on this construction are descriptive, although some of the studies involve the theoretical thinking of constructional grammar. There are still no scholars in China to analyze the meaning construction process and internal cognitive mechanism of this construction from the perspective of constructional grammar. Based on Goldberg's Cognitive Constructional Grammar, this paper attempts to give a comprehensive knowledge-recognition solution to the "X-what-X" construction. First of all, according to Goldberg's definition of construct and judging criterion of its existence, it is proved that "X what X" is not a simple grammatical structure, but a conceptual construct. Secondly, based on the usage-based model, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of a large number of examples of the "X-what X" construction, which is based on the "usage-based model" and builds the corpus. Two feasible classifications are obtained: imperative negation ("X1 what X1" construct) and statement negation ("X2 what X2" construct), and the surface features of the two types of constructions are summarized. Thirdly, through the cognitive semantic analysis of the two main subclasses of the "X what X" construct, it is concluded that different parts of speech entering the "X 1 what X 1" construct will be suppressed to different degrees, which involves different types of metonymy mechanisms. These cognitive mechanisms play an important role in the construction of constructive meaning; At the same time, I find that the specific examples of "X2 what X2" construct show a continuum from strong to weak in different situations, and the corresponding degree of subjectivity is also from high to low continuum. There is no obvious boundary between different levels, which also proves the archetypal category concept in cognitive linguistics. Finally, this paper attempts to summarize the constraints of the use of "X what X" structure. According to the analysis results, it is found that most of these constraints are triggered by situational context. The constraints of the "X1 what X1" construct are closely related to various cognitive mechanisms, while the "X2 what X2" construct is strongly dependent on the choice of context.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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