政治演讲中的模糊语语用研究—顺应论视角

发布时间：2019-03-27 20:37

【摘要】：模糊性是语言的基本属性，并广泛存在于语言之中。模糊限制语作为模糊语的典型，最早由George Lakoff于1972年提出。他指出模糊限制语就是那些“把事情弄得模模糊糊的词语”。随后模糊限制语进入语言学研究范畴。这个术语提出以来，众多学者从各个角度对不同语篇中的模糊限制语进行了大量的研究，并取得了丰硕的成果。综观国内外过去对模糊限制语的研究，研究对象大多数集中于学术，媒体，还有少数研究是针对新闻中的模糊限制语，而对政治演说尤其是就职演说辞中的模糊限制语的研究比较不足。从研究角度来看，起初对模糊限制语的研究仅限于从语义学的角度。随着语用学和语篇分析法的发展，更多学者开始从语用学的角度研究模糊限制语。对模糊限制语的语用研究更多是基于一些著名的语用理论如会话含义理论、会话合作原则和礼貌原则。顺应理论作为语用学中一个新的分支，是由维索尔伦提出的。与以往的传统语用理论不同，顺应理论研究角度更加全面，它将认知，社会和文化因素考虑在内，对模糊限制语的研究提供了一种崭新和更全面的视角。本论文中，在顺应理论的框架下，作者对就职演说中的模糊限制语进行了具体的分析。本文选取美国44任历任和现任总统的60篇就职演讲为分析语料，从语用学的角度，运用顺应论对模糊限制语进行详尽的分析。维索尔伦认为，语言的使用就是一个不断做出选择的过程，话语的产出者之所以做出选择是为了顺应语境的相关成分以满足交际需要。本文认为模糊限制语在政治演说中的使用是演说者为了达到交际的目的而对词汇和短语做出的精确选择，是有意识的动态顺应语言结构和语境的过程。本文从对语境的顺应角度对所选语料进行分析。对语境的顺应包括对精神世界、社交世界和物理世界的顺应。通过详尽的分析，，作者发现使用模糊限制语是一种有效的语言策略以用来顺应语言使用者的精神世界，包括对语言使用者的情绪，信念和动机的顺应，社交世界，包括社会背景制度，宪法和价值观的顺应和物理世界，包括对时间和不确定性的顺应。通过对就职演说中模糊限制语顺应论的研究，作者发现运用模糊限制语是语言选择和语言顺应的结果，在言语交际中，选择模糊限制语是满足语言使用者交际需要的语言策略。顺应论作为一个新的语用学理论，能够从更全面的角度来分析语言现象。另外，使用模糊限制语是演讲者精心选择来顺应语境相关成分的语言策略，因此，对模糊限制语的研究有利于语言使用者更好的理解演讲者的意图，从而更好的理解演讲的内容，同时也利于演讲者做演讲时能够更好的选择语言来满足语言使用者的交际需要。由于时间的限制，论文只从顺应交际语境的角度对就职演说中的模糊限制语进行了分析，另外，对语境的顺应中，要考虑在内的语境相关成分因素难免会有所缺漏。
[Abstract]:The fuzziness is the basic attribute of the language and is widely present in the language. As a typical of the vague language, the first was proposed by George Lakoff in 1972. He points out that the fuzzy limit is the "A vague word.". Then the fuzzy-restricted language is introduced into the field of linguistics. Since the term is put forward, many scholars have carried out a lot of research on the fuzzy limit in different texts from various angles, and made great achievements. In the past, the research of the fuzzy limit in the past, most of the research objects are focused on the academic, the media, and the minority research is the fuzzy limit in the news, and the study of the political speech, especially the fuzzy limit in the speech of the Inaugural Address, is not enough. From the point of view of the study, the initial study of the fuzzy restricted language is limited only from the perspective of semantics. With the development of the pragmatic and the discourse analysis, more scholars have begun to study the fuzzy limits from the perspective of pragmatics. The pragmatic study of the fuzzy restricted language is based on some well-known pragmatic theories, such as the theory of conversational implicature, the principle of session cooperation and the principle of politeness. The adaptation theory, as a new branch of pragmatics, is proposed by Versauron. Different from the traditional pragmatic theory, the research of the adaptation theory is more comprehensive, which takes into account the cognitive, social and cultural factors, and provides a new and more comprehensive view for the study of the fuzzy limit language. In this paper, under the framework of the theory of adaptation, the author analyses the fuzzy limit in his inaugural address. This paper, from the perspective of pragmatics, makes a detailed analysis of the fuzzy restrictive language from the perspective of pragmatics. The use of language is a process of constant choice, and the choice of the output of the discourse is to conform to the relevant components of the context so as to meet the needs of the communication This paper holds that the use of the fuzzy limited language in the political speech is the precise choice of the words and phrases by the speaker in order to achieve the purpose of communication, and it is the process of the conscious dynamic adaptation of the language structure and the context. This paper makes an analysis of the selected corpus from the angle of the context. Adaptation of the context includes a response to the spiritual world, the social world and the physical world Through a detailed analysis, the author finds that the use of the fuzzy limit language is an effective language strategy to conform to the spiritual world of the language user, including the compliance of the language user's mood, the belief and the motivation, the social world, including the social background system. Adaptation and physical world of the Constitution and values, including compliance with time and uncertainty Based on the study of the adaptation of the fuzzy limit in the inaugural address, the author finds that the use of the fuzzy restricted language is the result of the language selection and the language adaptation, and in the speech communication, the choice of the fuzzy limit language is the language that meets the needs of the language user's communication. A new theory of pragmatics can be used to analyze the present language from a more comprehensive perspective. in addition, that use of the fuzzy limit language is the language strategy of the speaker to carefully choose to conform to the context-related component, so the study of the fuzzy limit language is beneficial to the language user to better understand the speaker's intention, thus better understand the interior of the speech On the other hand, the speaker can better select the language to meet the needs of the language user when the speaker is in the speech In this paper, due to the limitation of time, the paper analyses the fuzzy limit in the inaugural speech only from the angle of the communicative context, and in addition, in the context of the context, it is difficult to take into account the factors that are relevant to the context.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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