“关于、至于、对于”标记话题的比较研究
发布时间：2019-03-28 06:47
【摘要】：“关于”、“至于”、“对于”是现代汉语中较为常见的虚词，有着特殊的语法意义和功能，它们都能位于句首，标记话题。 结构上，“关于”、“至于”、“对于”作话题标记时一般位于句首，呈现出“X于T，C”的格式，T是话题，，C是述题或说明，能够独立成句。话题与主语有各自不同的句法位置，话题与述题之间大多有停顿、语气词或者插入成分。语义上，“关于”、“至于”和“对于”标记的话题与述题具有三种句法语义关系：话题同述题谓词的论元共指关系，话题同述题中体词的配价关系，话题同整个述题的限定判断关系或“主题—内容”关系。这三种语义关系可以归结为“赋值”关系。话题总是给述题赋值，或给述题中的谓词赋值，或给体词赋值，或给整个述题赋值。功能上，“关于”、“至于”和“对于”标记的话题具有主题功能和赋值功能。 我们把“关于”式话题句、“至于”式话题句和“对于”式话题句的话题标记词“关于”、“至于”、“对于”进行两两替换后，出现了两种情况，一是能够替换、但替换后语义发生变化，二是不能够替换。 一般情况下，“关于”、“至于”、“对于”在其标记的话题句中能够自由替换，这是因为“关于”、“至于”、“对于”都可作话题标记。经过漫长的虚化发展，它们都有位于句首，标记话题的用法。这是虚词“关于”、“至于”、“对于”不断发展的结果。但是它们的发展程度不同，“至于”已经发展成典型的话题标记，“关于”和“对于”作话题标记的程度没有“至于”高。 “关于”、“至于”、“对于”在话题句中不能替换的情况和替换后语义发生变化的情况表明“关于”、“至于”和“对于”在标记话题时具有各自的差异。“关于”标记话题时强调与述题的“主题—内容”关系，“至于”标记话题时总带有与上一话题的或转折或并列的连带关系，“对于”标记话题时更强调话题与述题之间的对待对象关系。这与“关于”、“至于”和“对于”各自特定的语义有关。虽然“关于”、“至于”和“对于”经过不断的虚化发展都具有作话题标记的用法，但在它们的发展过程中，其原来的一些词汇意义踪迹一直粘附于它们，这使得在“关于”式话题句中话题与述题句中的名词具有“主题—内容”关系时，不能替换成“至于”或“对于”句；“对于”标记的话题同述题之间有很明显的对象关系时，“对于”不能由“关于”和“至于”替换。“至于”的话题标记性很强，但与替换“关于”、“对于”替换后，语义发生变化。
[Abstract]:As for "about", "as for", "for" is a more common function word in modern Chinese, it has special grammatical meaning and function, they can be located at the beginning of sentence and mark the topic. Structurally, "about", "as for", "for" is usually at the beginning of the sentence, showing the format of "X in T, C", T is the topic, C is the topic or description, and can be separated into sentences. The topic and subject have different syntactic positions. There are usually pauses, modal words or insert elements between the topic and the topic. Semantically, the topic of "about", "as for" and "for" has three sentence-French meanings: the argument-common-referential relationship of the topic predicate, the valence relation of the body words in the topic-to-topic. The limited judgment relationship or the theme-content relationship between the topic and the whole subject. These three semantic relationships can be summed up as "assignment" relations. The topic always assigns a value to a predicate, or to a predicate in a predicate, or to a body word, or to a whole predicate. Functionally, the topic of "about", "as well as" and "for" marks have thematic and assignment functions. We put "about" topic sentence, "as for" topic sentence and "regarding" type topic sentence topic marker words "about", "as for", "for" after the pairwise replacement, there are two situations, one is to be able to replace. However, the semantics change after replacement, and the other is that it can not be replaced. In general, "about", "as for", "for" can be freely replaced in the topic sentence marked, because "about", "as for", "for" can be marked as a topic. After a long period of virtual development, they are located at the beginning of the sentence, marking the use of the topic. This is the result of the constant development of the function word "about", "as for" and "for". But they have developed to different degrees, "as for" has developed into a typical topic marking, "about" and "for" the degree of tagging is not as high as "as for". "about", "as for", "for" cases where the topic sentence cannot be replaced and the semantic changes that occur after the replacement indicate that "about", "as for" and "for" have their own differences in marking the topic. "when it comes to marking a topic, it emphasizes the" theme-content "relationship with the topic, and" as far as "the topic is marked, there is always a joint and several relationship with the previous topic or with a turning point or juxtaposition. When we mark the topic, we emphasize the object relationship between the topic and the topic. This is related to the specific semantics of "about", "as for" and "for". Although "about", "as for" and "for" both have been used as topic markers after continuous virtual development, in the course of their development, some of their original lexical meaning traces have adhered to them all the time. This makes it impossible to substitute for "as for" or "for" when the topic and the noun in the topic sentence have a "theme-content" relationship in the "on" topic sentence; When there is an obvious object relationship between the topic of "regarding" and the subject, "for" cannot be replaced by "about" and "as to". The topic tagging of "as for" is strong, but the semantics change with the substitution of "about" and "for".
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136
本文编号：2448634
[Abstract]:As for "about", "as for", "for" is a more common function word in modern Chinese, it has special grammatical meaning and function, they can be located at the beginning of sentence and mark the topic. Structurally, "about", "as for", "for" is usually at the beginning of the sentence, showing the format of "X in T, C", T is the topic, C is the topic or description, and can be separated into sentences. The topic and subject have different syntactic positions. There are usually pauses, modal words or insert elements between the topic and the topic. Semantically, the topic of "about", "as for" and "for" has three sentence-French meanings: the argument-common-referential relationship of the topic predicate, the valence relation of the body words in the topic-to-topic. The limited judgment relationship or the theme-content relationship between the topic and the whole subject. These three semantic relationships can be summed up as "assignment" relations. The topic always assigns a value to a predicate, or to a predicate in a predicate, or to a body word, or to a whole predicate. Functionally, the topic of "about", "as well as" and "for" marks have thematic and assignment functions. We put "about" topic sentence, "as for" topic sentence and "regarding" type topic sentence topic marker words "about", "as for", "for" after the pairwise replacement, there are two situations, one is to be able to replace. However, the semantics change after replacement, and the other is that it can not be replaced. In general, "about", "as for", "for" can be freely replaced in the topic sentence marked, because "about", "as for", "for" can be marked as a topic. After a long period of virtual development, they are located at the beginning of the sentence, marking the use of the topic. This is the result of the constant development of the function word "about", "as for" and "for". But they have developed to different degrees, "as for" has developed into a typical topic marking, "about" and "for" the degree of tagging is not as high as "as for". "about", "as for", "for" cases where the topic sentence cannot be replaced and the semantic changes that occur after the replacement indicate that "about", "as for" and "for" have their own differences in marking the topic. "when it comes to marking a topic, it emphasizes the" theme-content "relationship with the topic, and" as far as "the topic is marked, there is always a joint and several relationship with the previous topic or with a turning point or juxtaposition. When we mark the topic, we emphasize the object relationship between the topic and the topic. This is related to the specific semantics of "about", "as for" and "for". Although "about", "as for" and "for" both have been used as topic markers after continuous virtual development, in the course of their development, some of their original lexical meaning traces have adhered to them all the time. This makes it impossible to substitute for "as for" or "for" when the topic and the noun in the topic sentence have a "theme-content" relationship in the "on" topic sentence; When there is an obvious object relationship between the topic of "regarding" and the subject, "for" cannot be replaced by "about" and "as to". The topic tagging of "as for" is strong, but the semantics change with the substitution of "about" and "for".
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136
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