时间认知模型视角下英汉时间方位隐喻的对比研究

发布时间：2019-04-17 18:17

【摘要】：时空关系是一个历久弥新的话题。从哲学的角度来看，时间与空间相互依存，同为世界的基本组成元素；但是从认知的角度来看，时间与空间截然不同，并不享有同等认知地位，因为时间与空间的概念化过程并不是同时进行的，这反映了空间的认知基础性。正如认知语言学家所指出的那样，空间是人们的基础体念，是感知其它概念，尤其是那些不可触及的抽象概念的基础（UngererSchmid,2003:258）。许多抽象概念的感知过程都离不开空间，时间概念也不例外。借助空间概念及其范畴来感知时间，实现了时间的空间隐喻化，时间方位隐喻正形成于此。本研究以时间方位隐喻为重点研究内容，借助时间认知模型，对英汉时间方位隐喻进行了较为系统的对比研究。本研究的英语语料选自小说、杂志、在线语料库（BNC）,汉语语料选自中国当代文学作品和在线语料库（CCL）。通过对语料进行定性分析，得出了以下主要结论：首先，根据时间方位隐喻的本质及其语言特征，可以把时间方位隐喻进一步分为广义时间方位隐喻和狭义时间方位隐喻两种类型。就时间方位隐喻的本质而言，广义时间方位隐喻强调时间与时间观察者之间在空间上的动态位移关系，而狭义时间方位隐喻则强调具体空间概念（如“远近”、“长短”、“内外”、“高低”、“深”等）向时间域的映射。就时间方位隐喻的语言特征而言，广义时间方位隐喻主要以动词为主，以表明时间及其观察者之间的动态位移关系，而狭义时间方位隐喻的隐喻性则主要体现在具体空间概念所对应的形容词上。其次，时间认知模型在促进时间概念化过程中发挥了重要的作用。尽管人们没有意识到时间认知模型的存在，但是其重要性既不能被忽视也不能被削弱。时间认知模型具有文化特定性,从很大程度上说，英汉时间方位隐喻的异同之处等同于英汉时间认知模型的异同之处。再次，就广义时间方位隐喻而言，英汉的共性表现在三种相同的时间认知模型，即时间在运动模型、自我在运动模型以及时间、自我均在运动模型；二者的差异性体现在观察者的时间取向上：英语时间观察者以面对未来的时间取向为主，而汉语时间观察者则以面对过去的时间取向为主。就狭义时间方位隐喻而言，英汉的共性表现在“远近”、“长短”、“内外”以及“深”等空间概念可以映射到时间域，用于表征时间概念；二者的差异性体现在，英语空间概念词“HIGH/LOW”可以用于表征时间，而汉语的“上下”可以表征时间的早晚。本研究既具备一定的理论价值，也具有一定的应用价值。理论方面，本研究深化并丰富了时间方位隐喻研究，使相关研究更加系统。应用方面，本研究对英语教学有一定的启示意义。教学过程中向学生介绍时间认知模型，有助于他们更好地理解时间的概念化过程，，进而提高运用时间方位隐喻的能力。
[Abstract]:The relationship between time and space is a new topic for a long time. From the philosophical point of view, time and space depend on each other and are the basic elements of the world; However, from the perspective of cognition, time and space are different from each other and do not enjoy the same cognitive status, because the conceptualization of time and space is not carried out at the same time, which reflects the cognitive basis of space. As the cognitive linguists have pointed out, space is the basic idea of human beings, the basis of perception of other concepts, especially those untouchable abstract concepts (UngererSchmid,2003:258). The perceptual process of many abstract concepts is inseparable from space, and the concept of time is no exception. With the help of the concept of space and its category, the metaphorical space of time is realized, and the metaphor of time orientation is being formed here. This study focuses on time-orientation metaphor and makes a systematic contrastive study of time-orientation metaphor in English and Chinese with the aid of time cognitive model. The English corpus of this study is selected from novels, magazines, online corpus (BNC), Chinese corpus selected from Chinese contemporary literature and online corpus (CCL). Through qualitative analysis of the corpus, the following conclusions are drawn: firstly, according to the nature of the metaphor of time and orientation and its linguistic characteristics, Time-orientation metaphor can be further divided into two types: generalized time-orientation metaphor and narrow-sense time-orientation metaphor. As far as the essence of time-orientation metaphor is concerned, the generalized time-orientation metaphor emphasizes the spatial dynamic displacement relationship between time and time observer, while the narrow-sense time-orientation metaphor emphasizes specific spatial concepts (such as "distance" and "length"). The mapping of "inside and outside", "high and low", "deep", etc.) to the time domain. As far as the linguistic features of the time-orientation metaphor are concerned, the generalized time-orientation metaphor is dominated by verbs to indicate the dynamic displacement relationship between time and its observers. The metaphor of time and orientation in the narrow sense is mainly embodied in the adjectives corresponding to the concept of concrete space. Secondly, time cognitive model plays an important role in promoting the conceptualization of time. Although people are not aware of the existence of the time cognitive model, its importance cannot be ignored or weakened. The temporal cognitive model is culturally specific. To a large extent, the similarities and differences of time and orientation metaphors in English and Chinese are the same as those in English and Chinese time cognitive models. Thirdly, as far as generalized time-orientation metaphor is concerned, the commonality of English and Chinese is expressed in three kinds of time cognitive models, that is, time in motion model, self in motion model and time in motion model, and self in motion model; The difference between them is reflected in the observer's time orientation: the English time observer mainly faces the future time orientation, while the Chinese time observer mainly faces the past time orientation. As far as the narrow-sense metaphor of time and orientation is concerned, the similarities between English and Chinese can be expressed in such spatial concepts as "distance", "length", "inside and outside" and "depth", which can be mapped to the time domain and used to represent the concept of time. The difference between them is that the English spatial concept word "HIGH/LOW" can be used to represent time, while the Chinese word "upper and lower" can represent the time sooner or later. This research not only has certain theoretical value, but also has certain application value. Theoretically, this study deepens and enriches the metaphorical study of time and orientation, and makes the related research more systematic. In terms of application, this study has some implications for English teaching. Introducing the time cognitive model to the students in the teaching process will help them to better understand the conceptualization process of time and then improve their ability to use the metaphor of time orientation.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H315;H15

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