英汉请求语的比较研究

发布时间：2019-05-24 06:52

【摘要】：本论文将对英汉请求语的异同进行比较研究。选择请求言语行为作为研究对象的原因有二。首先，请求言语行为广泛应用于日常交际中；其次，请求言语行为是语用学范畴中的重要研究领域之一，并且国内外的学者在该领域都已经取得了相当丰硕的成果。可是请求言语行为研究总是侧重直接比较英汉在选择请求策略类型方面的异同。因此本论文采用定性研究和对比研究的方法，对英汉请求策略语言表达形式的异同进行分析，，并在这个对比研究的基础上探讨影响其异同的文化因素和语境因素。请求言语行为是一种面子威胁行为，所以人们在实施请求言语行为时要采取一些礼貌策略以达到交际目的。换而言之，请求言语行为和礼貌二者关系密切。所以本论文将从礼貌的角度出发对英汉请求策略的异同进行全方面的比较研究。我们会发现Leech,Brown and Levinson的礼貌理论完全适合英语请求言语行为，有些地方却不适合汉语请求言语行为，这是因为他们理论的提出都是以西方文化为基础的。所以英语请求中表达的礼貌和汉语请求中表达的礼貌内涵是不一样的，英汉请求策略中用来表达礼貌的语言形式也是不同的。因此，对此进行研究和讨论是十分必要的。本论文主要归纳了英汉请求语的两个不同之处。一方面，就句法而言，在英语请求策略中没有汉语中典型的“把”字句；另外，英语中的礼貌标志词“please”和汉语中的“请”在句子中的位置不一样；并且在汉语请求策略中没有像英语请求策略中那样大量使用情态动词过去式使请求更加礼貌的现象。另一方面，就语篇而言，中国人使用各种各样的呼语来开始几乎每一个请求言语行为，但是英国人则很少使用呼语；并且在汉语请求中辅助行为语总是出现在请求之前，相反在英语请求中辅助行为语总是在请求之后，或者人们根本就不会使用辅助行为语。以上这些不同点都是受文化因素和语境因素影响的。比如说，汉语文化强调集体主义和社会的差序格局，并且汉语思维模式属于典型的圆式思维模式，这就是在汉语请求中人们总是使用大量的呼语和辅助行为语的原因；然而西方文化则提倡个人主义和人人平等，并且英语思维模式是典型的线型思维模式，这就是为什么英国人喜欢使用间接请求策略，并经常用情态动词过去式使请求策略更加礼貌化。除了这些文化因素之外，还有一些具体的语境因素，如请求的大小，交流者之间的熟悉程度和交流者的社会权力差距以及社会距离的差距，这些都会影响礼貌的程度，并且造成英汉请求言语行为的异同。总而言之，本论文旨在让交流者意识到英汉请求言语行为的异同及影响其异同的文化因素和语境因素，以便在今后的交流中更有效的实施请求言语行为以达到交流的目的。
[Abstract]:This paper will make a comparative study of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese requests. There are two reasons for choosing request speech act as the object of study. First of all, request speech act is widely used in daily communication; secondly, request speech act is one of the important research fields in pragmatics, and scholars at home and abroad have achieved fruitful results in this field. However, the study of request speech act always focuses on directly comparing the similarities and differences between English and Chinese in choosing the types of request strategies. Therefore, this paper uses qualitative and contrastive methods to analyze the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request strategy language expressions, and on the basis of this contrastive study, discusses the cultural and contextual factors that affect the similarities and differences. Request speech act is a face-threatening act, so people should adopt some politeness strategies to achieve the purpose of communication when implementing request speech act. In other words, the request speech act and politeness are closely related. Therefore, this paper will make a comparative study of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request strategies from the point of view of politeness. We will find that Leech,Brown and Levinson's politeness theory is completely suitable for English request speech acts, but in some places it is not suitable for Chinese request speech acts, because their theories are all based on western culture. Therefore, the politeness expressed in English requests is different from that expressed in Chinese requests, and the language forms used to express politeness in English and Chinese request strategies are also different. Therefore, it is very necessary to study and discuss this. This paper mainly sums up two differences between English and Chinese requests. On the one hand, as far as syntax is concerned, there is no typical "Ba" sentence in English request strategy, on the other hand, the politeness marker "please" in English is different from that in Chinese in the position of "please" in the sentence. Moreover, there is no more polite use of modal verbs in Chinese request strategies than in English request strategies. On the other hand, as far as discourse is concerned, the Chinese use a variety of calls to begin almost every request speech act, but the British rarely use them. And the auxiliary behavior language always appears before the request in Chinese request, on the contrary, in the English request, the auxiliary behavior language is always after the request, or people will not use the auxiliary behavior language at all. These differences are influenced by cultural and contextual factors. For example, Chinese culture emphasizes collectivism and social order pattern, and Chinese thinking mode belongs to the typical circular thinking mode, which is why people always use a large number of calls and auxiliary behavioral words in Chinese requests. Western culture, however, advocates individualism and equality for all, and the English mode of thinking is a typical linear mode of thinking, which is why Britons like to use indirect request strategies. The past tense of modal verbs is often used to make the request strategy more polite. In addition to these cultural factors, there are a number of specific contextual factors, such as the size of the request, the degree of familiarity between communicators and the social power gap between communicators, as well as the gap in social distance, which will affect the degree of politeness. And it results in the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request speech acts. In a word, the purpose of this paper is to make communicators aware of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese request speech acts and the cultural and contextual factors that affect their similarities and differences, so as to implement the request speech acts more effectively in the future communication in order to achieve the purpose of communication.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H313;H136

【参考文献】