《现代汉语词典》（第5版）植物词研究

发布时间：2019-06-05 21:22

【摘要】：国内外基于《现》5的研究和植物词的研究兴起时间都不长，把二者的最新研究成果结合在一起并进行开拓性研究的只有郑燕萍、曹炜的《关于现代汉语植物词基本特征的计量考察——兼论《现代汉语词典》第5版在植物词的诠释中存在的问题》（2008）一篇论文，这篇论文中的一些数据存在错误，本研究试图改正这些错误，并在植物词的分类及植物词的词义引申方面进行进一步的探讨。 本研究采用经验总结法、计量考察法、意象图式法、分析与归纳相结合的方法对《现》5中1198个植物词进行了系统的研究。在植物词语分类、植物词语音特点归纳、植物词构词语素及结构方式上特点整理、植物词词义引申的认知研究四个方面进行细致研究，并对植物词的发展趋势做了初步的预测，为《现代汉语词典》的修订提出了一些参考意见。本研究的总体结论如下： 1.本研究认为植物词可以根据植物命名特点较为清晰的分为同体同名、同体合称、同实异名、同词异物四类。这四类词各有突出的特点。 2.现代汉语植物词的结构有双音化的倾向。遗传因素在双音节植物词和多音节植物词中都占有重要地位，多音节植物词中非遗传因素的影响力比双音节植物词大一些。 3.植物词所呈现的与现代汉语口语词及书面词都不同的构词语素及结构方式上的特点是植物词所特有的，这是因为植物词多为术语，因而其产生具有特殊性。 4.植物词词义引申的途径有转喻和隐喻两种，其中通过转喻产生引申的为数众多。植物词词义引申的类型可以归纳为部分—整体意象图式和连接图式两类。植物词的词义引申折射出人类的认知能力状态随着词义项的增多而增强，人类的认知顺序是从植物整体或部分的单一视角开始，进而发展到双视角认识事物，最后发展到认识抽象事物。植物词的扩大引申与缩小引申的出现是人类认知能力提高的体现，具体体现为人类联想能力的提高；植物词的转移引申的出现是人类认知能力进一步提高的体现，，具体体现为人类想象能力的提高。 5.高频率使用的植物词语的发展趋势是扩大到一个数量后趋于稳定，不再扩大。低频率使用的植物词语的发展趋势是缩小到一个数量后趋于稳定，不再缩小。现阶段，植物词的使用仍是在高频使用的植物词扩大及低频使用的植物词缩小的进程中。
[Abstract]:The research based on "present" 5 at home and abroad and the research on plant words have not been rising for a long time. Zheng Yanping is the only one who combines the latest research results of the two and carries on the pioneering research. Cao Wei's Metrological study on the basic characteristics of Plant words in Modern Chinese-also on the problems existing in the interpretation of Plant words in the 5th Edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary. (2008) A paper in which some of the data in this paper are wrong. This study attempts to correct these mistakes and make further discussions on the classification of plant words and the extension of the meaning of plant words. In this study, 1198 plant words in present 5 were systematically studied by means of empirical summary, econometric investigation, image schema, analysis and induction. This paper makes a detailed study on the classification of plant words, the induction of phonetic characteristics of plant words, the collation of morphemes and structural patterns of plant words, and the cognitive research on the extension of plant word meaning, and makes a preliminary prediction of the development trend of plant words. Some reference suggestions are put forward for the revision of Modern Chinese Dictionary. The overall conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. According to the characteristics of plant nomenclature, plant words can be divided into four categories: homonymy, synonymous, homonym and foreign body. Each of these four types of words has its own outstanding characteristics. two銆

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