认知框架视角下的语篇连贯研究

发布时间：2019-06-08 13:51

【摘要】：人类的言语活动要求交际双方表达思想清楚、前后脉络贯通,避免前言不搭后语,这就是言语活动的“连贯”要求。“连贯”是哲学、心理学、语言学、人工智能等的共生课题。连贯研究在阅读与写作等言语活动中具有悠久的历史,而真正引起广泛关注的则是Halliday和Hassan《英语的衔接》(1976)出版之后的事情。在随后的三十多年里,连贯研究已成为系统功能语言学和语篇分析等领域的重要课题,其研究广度与深度都得到了极大拓展,研究成果丰硕。这些研究只能说部分解决了“什么是连贯”等基本问题,但目前仍缺乏一种公认的连贯研究模型。随着近年来认知语言学的迅猛发展,人们开始思考借用其概念与方法去诠释连贯。受此启迪,本文采用“认知框架”概念,意在构建语篇连贯解读的认知框架模型,探究语篇连贯研究的新视角或新方法。研究假设：语篇连贯就是解读语篇意义,是解读者在微观、中观和宏观认知框架中,通过激活语篇的词素、词、小句、段落等语言符号所裹挟的概念和概念关系,在其心智中产生的意义关联。认知框架的工作定义：认知框架(简称“框架”)是建立在人类体验之上、与场景相关的概念结构,是信仰、社会实践、制度、意向等的图式表征,是语篇编码概念所预设的背景知识,是特定言语社团成员交流的认知基础,是微观、中观和宏观三位一体的认知结构。各章的内容和主要观点如下：第一章介绍选题缘由、研究目标与方法、主要观点与创新。第二章梳理语篇与语篇连贯的定义与分类,归纳出语篇连贯研究的语言形式功能、语用推理、认知心理和多维研究等方法,从而提出从认知框架视角研究语篇连贯的必要性。第三章从认知框架的特征、定义与分类出发,重构语篇连贯研究的微观、中观和宏观认知框架三位一体的理论模型。第四、第五和第六章分论微观、中观和宏观认知框架如何作用于语篇连贯。第四章把词素、词、小句等语言单位所激活的概念与概念场,视为解读语篇连贯的微观认知框架的启动因素,而概念隐喻和概念转喻则是语篇连贯中起作用的两种主要微观认知框架类型。概念隐喻作用于语篇连贯取决于源概念场和目标概念场中各概念与概念关系的系统映射,概念转喻作用于语篇连贯则取决于同一概念场中各概念间的邻近关系。第五章探究语篇连贯解读的中观认知框架,句际与段际之间的各种逻辑语义关系与意象图式是其具体表现。因果、相似和邻近等逻辑语义关系是语篇连贯解读的观念联络原则,意象图式则是感知体验在人类心智中反复出现的模式,是连接语言与认知思维的中介。第六章根据框架语义学与构式语法的互补关系,提出语篇构式是语篇连贯解读的宏观认知框架。语篇构式是语言的构式研究推广到篇章层次的自然要求,在更高层次上揭示了语篇理解的整体性与宏观意图。论证结构和故事结构是两种典型的语篇构式,它们在宏观层次上保证了语篇连贯。第七章考察认知框架的动态性对语篇连贯解读的作用。认知框架是语篇分析的一种方法、策略和世界观,用于分析言语产品,既可揭示构建者的话语意图,又能洞悉因不同解读者的认知视角差所蕴含的不同语篇连贯方式。媒体对2008年金融危机的报道揭示了不同话语构建者的认知视角差,对宋词人李清照《如梦令》原文与英译文对比分析,则彰显了不同解读者的认知视角所衍生的多重语篇意义。第八章回望本研究的主要内容、创新与不足。本研究有三方面的创新：(1)以认知语言学的“认知框架”为语篇连贯研究的理论根据,开创了语篇连贯研究的新方法和新视野；(2)从微观、中观和宏观三方面范畴化“认知框架”,并用于构建语篇连贯解读的认知框架模型,突破了言内与言外的二元对立分类标准；(3)提出了“语篇构式”概念,既拓展了构式语法的研究层次,又能确保语篇连贯的正确解读。
[Abstract]:The human speech activity requires both the communication and the two sides to express their thought clearly, to pass through before and after, to avoid the words in the front, which is the "Coherence" of the speech activity. "Coherence" is a symbiosis subject of philosophy, psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence and so on. Coherence research has a long history in the speech activities such as reading and writing, and the real cause of widespread concern is Halliday and Hassan (1976). In the following more than 30 years, coherent research has become an important subject in the field of systematic functional linguistics and discourse analysis. These studies can only be used to address basic issues such as "What is coherence", but there is still a lack of a recognized coherent study model. With the rapid development of cognitive linguistics in recent years, people have begun to think and use their concepts and methods to interpret the coherence. This paper, by using the concept of "cognitive framework", is intended to build a cognitive framework model of textual coherence and to explore a new perspective or a new approach to the coherence of the discourse. The research hypothesis: the coherence of the text is the interpretation of the meaning of the text, which is the concept and the concept relation of the reader in the micro, meso-and macro-cognitive framework, by activating the language symbols such as the morpheme, the word, the small sentence, the paragraph and the like in the discourse, and the meaning of the generation in his mind. The definition of the work of the cognitive framework: the cognitive framework ("the frame") is based on the human experience, and the conceptual structure related to the scene is the schema representation of the belief, the social practice, the system, the intention, etc. It is the pre-set back of the discourse coding concept. The view knowledge is the cognitive basis of the communication between the members of a particular language community. It is the recognition of the three-in-one between the micro, the mesoscopic and the macro. Know the structure. The contents and main contents of the chapters The first chapter introduces the reason of the topic, the research object and the method, The main point of view and innovation. In the second chapter, the definition and classification of the coherence of the discourse and the discourse, the language form, the pragmatic inference, the cognitive psychology and the multi-dimensional study of the coherent research are summed up, and the study of the perspective of the cognitive framework is put forward. The third chapter, from the characteristics, definition and classification of cognitive framework, rebuilds the micro, mesoscopic and macro-cognitive framework of the coherence study of the discourse. The three-in-one theory model. The fourth, the fifth and the sixth chapter are the micro, mesoscopic and macro-cognition. In the fourth chapter, the concept and concept field, which are activated by the language units such as morphemes, words, and small sentences, are regarded as the starting factors of the micro-cognitive framework for the interpretation of the coherence of the discourse, and the conceptual metaphor and the conceptual metonymy are two of the two functions of the coherence of the discourse. The main micro-cognitive framework type. Conceptual metaphor is applied to the system mapping of the concept and the concept relation in the source concept field and the target concept field, and the concept metonymy is on the same concept. The fifth chapter is to explore the logical and semantic relations between the cognitive framework, the inter-sentence and the inter-segment in the context of the coherent interpretation of the discourse. It is the concrete expression of the image schema. The logical semantic relation of the cause and effect, the similarity and the proximity is the concept contact principle of the text coherence interpretation, and the image schema is the pattern of the repeated appearance of the perception experience in the human mind. The intermediate of language and cognitive thinking. Chapter 6, based on the complementary relationship between the framework semantics and the structure-based grammar, puts forward that the discourse structure is a discourse. A coherent and interpreted macro-cognitive framework. The discourse structure is a form of language-based study, which is extended to the natural requirement of the text level, and the text is revealed at a higher level. An understanding of the integrity and the macro-intent. The structure and the story structure are two typical types of text, they are in the macro On the level of view, the coherence of the discourse is guaranteed. Chapter 7 examines the cognitive framework. The cognitive framework is a method, a strategy and a world view of discourse analysis, and is used to analyze the speech products, which can not only reveal the discourse intention of the construct, but also understand the cognitive perspective of different readers. The media's report on the financial crisis of 2008 reveals the difference of the cognitive perspective of different discourse constructs. The multi-textual meaning derived from the perspective of knowledge. Chapter 8 The main content, innovation and deficiency of this study are as follows: (1) The "cognitive framework" of cognitive linguistics is the theoretical basis of the coherence study of the text, and the new method and the new field of view of the coherence study of the text are set up; and (2) from the aspects of the micro, the mesoscopic and the macroscopical three aspects, "trunk>" cignitive f ramework ", and is used to construct the cognitive framework model of the text coherence interpretation, and breaks through the binary opposite classification standard in the words and the words; (3) the "discourse structure" concept is put forward, which not only expands the research layer of the construction-type grammar,
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H03

【引证文献】