歇后语的预设研究

发布时间：2019-06-15 00:49

【摘要】：歇后语是汉语中特有的一种语言现象。在说话者和听话者之间的交际中，歇后语的解读过程是研究的重点。在解读过程中，结合语境、最佳关联和最大关联等因素，通过对歇后语实例的具体分析和总结，得出歇后语上半句和下半句之间主要是第一预设（单层预设）和第二预设（双重预设）的设置。然后，根据应用预设后所存在的不同性质，总结出歇后语的预设类型，共包括五大类：焦点性预设、文化性预设、主观性预设、虚指性预设以及存在性预设。同时，歇后语中预设的解读也是有理论依据的。关联理论、语境等都是歇后语中的预设解读依据。根据以上的分析，得出歇后语中预设的特点，包括语用和语义两个方面。首先，在语义方面体现在表层结构和深层结构上，二者之间存在紧密的联系，体现了意旨上的一致性；其次，在语用方面，体现为合适性和共知性，即歇后语的预设使用过程中，，从整个语境上看一定要符合语用表达效果，并在说话者和听话者之间一定存在一些共知性的因素，例如背景、文化、习俗等。最后，总结出歇后语中预设的语用功能有：强化语境关联的功能、突出重点信息以及形成幽默风格。上述研究为汉语中特殊语言形式的研究提供了新视角，拓宽了对汉语特殊语言形式理论研究思路，也为缓解尴尬局面、小品创作等提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Xiehou language is a unique linguistic phenomenon in Chinese. In the communication between the speaker and the hearer, the interpretation process of hysteria is the focus of the study. In the process of interpretation, combined with the factors such as context, optimal relevance and maximum relevance, through the concrete analysis and summary of the examples of Xiehu language, it is concluded that the first presupposition (single layer presupposition) and the second presupposition (double presupposition) are mainly between the upper half sentence and the lower half sentence. Then, according to the different properties of presupposition, the presupposition types of hysteria are summarized, which include five categories: focal presupposition, cultural presupposition, subjective presupposition, fictitious presupposition and existence presupposition. At the same time, there is a theoretical basis for the interpretation of presupposition in Xiehou. Relevance theory, context and so on are the basis of presupposition interpretation in hysteria. According to the above analysis, the characteristics of presupposition in Xiehu language are obtained, including pragmatic and semantic aspects. First of all, in the semantic aspect, there is a close relationship between the surface structure and the deep structure, which reflects the consistency of the intention. Secondly, in terms of pragmatics, it is embodied in appropriateness and empathy, that is, in the process of presupposition use of hysteria, it must conform to the effect of pragmatic expression in the whole context, and there must be some cognitive factors between the speaker and the hearer, such as background, culture, custom and so on. Finally, it is concluded that the pragmatic functions of presupposition in Xiehu are as follows: strengthening the function of contextual relevance, highlighting key information and forming humorous style. The above research provides a new perspective for the study of special language forms in Chinese, broadens the theoretical research ideas of Chinese special language forms, and also provides a reference for alleviating the awkward situation and sketch creation.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136.3

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