汉语四字语词汇化过程考察

发布时间：2019-06-17 21:11

【摘要】：同“词”的词汇化一样，四字语的形成也经历了从自由短语到词汇单位的词汇化过程，，然而对四字语却缺少历时的、系统的考察。本文主要研究汉语中与四字语的产生与发展密切相关的词汇化现象，采用历时与共时相结合的方法，分析、解释四字语词汇化背后的演变条件、制约演变的动因以及词汇化所经历的具体过程。搞清四字语的产生方式有利于增进我们对汉语整体面貌的认识。绪论部分主要明确本文的研究对象，梳理目前关于四字语的研究概况，说明本文参考的工具书，表明本文所要解决的问题。第一章介绍汉语四字语的主要语源，也就是四字语所由发展演变以至定型的最初源头。四字语的语源主要是神话传说、寓言故事、历史故事、古文、古诗词、宗教典籍，谚语的转化，现代汉语中的专业用语和文艺创作。四字语是如何从语源演变而来的呢？四字语在词汇化过程中一般要经历两个阶段：成形阶段，包括从语源概括发展出四音节自由短语性质的语源形式和语源形式习语化；定型阶段是指习语进一步词汇化为四字语。第二、三章研究四字语词汇化过程。确定语源形式及语源形式衍生的主要方式，包括摘取语源中不相邻的成分组合而成；自由短语降格而来；待嵌格式镶嵌成分；整合加工已有四字语；对照已有四字语。分析语源形式形成过程中出现的言语变体。语源形式只有在高频率的复现中获取习用性后才能演变为习语。四字语成形阶段呈现出以下特征：比喻义形成的历时过程；引用起到的关键性作用；形式向四字格演进、结构由不对称性向对称性演变；换序形式消失。四字短语只有满足结构形式的定型性、意义的双层性和整体性、现成性和习用性，才算最后词汇化为四字语。定型后的四字语仍然存在语言变体。第四章探讨了四字语词汇化程度加深的表现：四字语内部形式的重新分析、四字语发生转类、四字语进一步词汇化为双音节词。影响四字语词汇化的因素主要有语音限制、语源形式的组成成分紧密相邻、语义改造以及高频使用。组块心理、类比心理是制约四字语词汇化的主要动机。
[Abstract]:Like the lexicalization of "word", the formation of four-character language has gone through the process of lexicalization from free phrase to lexical unit, but there is a lack of diachronic and systematic investigation of four-character language. This paper mainly studies the phenomenon of lexicalization, which is closely related to the emergence and development of the four-character language in Chinese. By using the method of combining diachronic and synchronic, this paper analyzes and explains the evolution conditions behind the four-character word convergence, the motivation of restricting the evolution and the specific process of lexicalization. Understanding the way the four-character language comes into being is helpful to enhance our understanding of the overall appearance of Chinese. The introduction part mainly clarifies the research object of this paper, combs the current research situation of the four-character language, explains the reference books referred to in this paper, and shows the problems to be solved in this paper. The first chapter introduces the main etymology of Chinese four-character language, that is, the original source of the development and evolution of four-character language. The etymology of four-character language is mainly myths and legends, fables, historical stories, ancient texts, ancient poems, religious classics, proverbs, professional terms and literary creation in modern Chinese. How did the four-character language evolve from the etymology? In the process of lexicalization, four-character language generally goes through two stages: the forming stage, which includes the etymological form and etymological form idiom of the nature of four-syllable free phrase from etymological generalization, and the stereotyped stage refers to the further lexicalization of idioms into four-character language. The second and third chapters study the process of four-character vocabulary. The main ways to determine the etymological form and etymological form are as follows: the combination of non-adjacent components in etymology; the reduction of free phrases; the mosaic components to be embedded in the format; the four-character language in the integration process; and the four-character language in contrast. This paper analyzes the linguistic variants in the formation of etymological forms. Etymological forms can only evolve into idioms after obtaining idiom in high frequency repeats. The forming stage of four-character language shows the following characteristics: the diachronic process of the formation of metaphorical meaning; the key role of citation; the evolution of form to four-character lattice, the evolution of structure from asymmetry to symmetry; and the disappearance of order-changing form. Only when the four-character phrase satisfies the formality of the structural form, the bilevel and integrity of the meaning, the present and the practice, can the final vocabulary be transformed into a four-character word. There are still language variants in the stereotyped four-character language. The fourth chapter discusses the manifestation of the deepening of the four-character vocabulary: the reanalysis of the internal form of the four-character language, the conversion of the four-character language, and the further vocabulary of the four-character language into the disyllabic word. The main factors affecting the vocabulary of four-character words are phonetic restrictions, the components of etymological forms are closely adjacent, semantic transformation and high-frequency use. Block psychology and analogy psychology are the main motivation to restrict the vocabulary of four-character words.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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