汉语“吃”和韩国语“（？）”的对比

发布时间：2019-07-02 15:07

【摘要】：汉语“吃”和韩国语“(?)”都是基本词汇,在各自语言系统中都占有比较重要的地位。对汉语“吃”和韩国语“(?)”的考察和分析,将有助于我们较深刻地认识汉韩语言系统的异同。本文由五个部分组成。第一章绪论,第二章以汉语“吃”和韩国语“(?)”的词典义为基础具体比较分析两者的基本义和派生义以及语义特征,第三章从搭配功能和语义制约角度阐释两词的异同,第四章从认知角度对两词进行概念隐喻对比,最后是结论。通过对比与分析,我们在以下几个方面有所收获。第一,从语义角度分析,汉语“吃”和韩国语“(?)”义项数量基本相当,“吃”有21个义项,“(?)”有20个。以共时的眼光来看,二者语义“同”多于“异”,相同之处是由“吃”的某些相似的体验认知模式造成的,相异之处是由两国各自语言特定的文化个性和不同民族独特的思维方式造成的。第二,在句法功能层面上,汉语“吃”的句法结构主要是“V+N”形式。汉语“吃”和韩国语“(?)”都是二价动词。汉语“吃”和韩国语“(?)”在各自的语言体系中,对前后的名词都具有选择性,通过为两词设定限制条件,我们分析了两词所搭配的名词性成分的异同。但在实际使用中韩国语“(?)”只能带名词型宾语。第三,在认知角度方面,我们以概念隐喻作为理论基础对汉语“吃”和韩国语“(?)”做了分类。韩国语“(?)”所涉及的范畴义共有八类,而汉语“吃”所涉及的范畴义共有十类,通过分析我们发现它们的隐喻方式有：遭受、生活、状态、待遇等。汉语“吃”和韩国语“(?)”的概念都是由体外进入体内,它是一种空间隐喻结构,由此启动隐喻映射到吃的状态、结果,繁衍出花样繁多的抽象认知范畴。
[Abstract]:Chinese "eat" and Korean "(?)" They are all basic words and play an important role in their respective language systems. For Chinese "eat" and Korean "(?)" The investigation and analysis will help us to deeply understand the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean language systems. This paper consists of five parts. The first chapter is the introduction, the second chapter is "eat" in Chinese and "(?)" in Korean. The basic meaning, derivative meaning and semantic characteristics of the two words are compared and analyzed. The third chapter explains the similarities and differences between the two words from the perspective of collocation function and semantic restriction, the fourth chapter compares the conceptual metaphors of the two words from the cognitive point of view, and the last is the conclusion. Through comparison and analysis, we have gained in the following aspects. First, from the semantic point of view, Chinese "eat" and Korean "(?)" The number of meaning items is basically the same, there are 21 meaning items in "eat", "(?)" There are 20. From the synchronic point of view, the semantic "same" is more "identical" than "different". The similarities are caused by some similar experiential cognitive models of "eating", and the differences are caused by the specific cultural personality of each language and the unique way of thinking of different nationalities. Secondly, at the level of syntactic function, the syntactic structure of Chinese "eating" is mainly in the form of "V N". Chinese "eat" and Korean "(?)" They are all bivalent verbs. Chinese "eat" and Korean "(?)" In their respective language systems, the nouns before and after are selective. By setting restrictions on the two words, we analyze the similarities and differences of the nominal components between the two words. But in the actual use of Chinese and Korean "(?)" Only nominal objects can be brought. Third, from the cognitive point of view, we use conceptual metaphor as the theoretical basis for Chinese "eat" and Korean "(?)" A classification has been made. Korean "(?)" There are eight types of category meaning involved, while there are ten types of category meaning involved in Chinese "eating". Through analysis, we find that their metaphorical ways are suffering, life, state, treatment and so on. Chinese "eat" and Korean "(?)" It is a kind of spatial metaphor structure, which initiates the mapping of metaphor to the state of eating. As a result, it produces a variety of abstract cognitive categories.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136;H55

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