纪录片的人物心理表现手法研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 16:36

本文关键词：纪录片的人物心理表现手法研究　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：影视艺术是一种运用多种叙事手段和视听手段,来进行人物心理活动刻画的艺术样式。它是以叙事学和影视技术为基础,以镜头和声音为媒介,在流动的影像中创造形象,再现和反映生活的一门艺术。纪录片作为影视艺术中的一种类型,始终以记录每个时代人们的生存状态为己任。人的一切个人行为和社会行为都是内心的反应,所以塑造真实的人物形象,离不开人物心理的刻画。在当前国内外纪录片的理论研究和创作实践上,纪录片的人物心理塑造还没有引起足够的重视,而通过表现人物内心思想、情绪,塑造人物心理是纪录片创作的关键。本文以纪录片的人物心理表现为主要研究内容,以求摸索出一套纪录片表现人物心理时行之有效的方法。在写作过程中,笔者阅读了相关理论著作,观摩了从我国上世纪80年代以来以及国外纪录片发展史上的经典纪录片,整理目前一些纪录片创作过程中塑造人物心理的经验,并亲自实践拍摄《微山岛最美乡医》和《小唐的骑行中国梦》两部纪录片,在理论和实践中共同把握纪录片人物心理表现手法。本文经过研究发现,在纪录片叙事中表现人物心理时,叙事结构的安排能够用来表现人物心理的变化,叙事情节的发展也能够暗示人物的心理起伏,叙事细节可以丰富人物的内心世界,不同叙事视角的选取往往能够透视人物心理不同层次上的横切面。运用画面语言表现人物心理时,应该在影片中多使用符合纪录片创作的镜头,比如用长镜头主动寻找故事,展现的人物心理就是完整的,而景深镜头在展现人物心理时,带给观众的是多义性的解读,从而也给纪录片人物心理的刻画带来蕴藉性,为观众留下可思考的空间。特写在表现人物心理时,有着不可忽视的作用,往往能够在瞬间突出人物的心灵景观。画面色彩与画面节奏对于人物心理的刻画同样至关重要,通过不同色彩参与画面构图,直接映射人物心理。纪录片可以根据快慢不同的节奏来表现人物心理的紧张或平静的状态;声音是视听语言中的另一个重要表现元素,同期声、解说、音乐、和音响都是纪录片中较多使用的声音元素,同期声一方面能够完整的记录人物的语言,解读出的人物心理意义就较为有说服力。而解说词能直接道破人物心之所想,音乐和音响在表现人物心理时,起辅助作用,渲染人物情绪。纪录片的创作还有很长的路要走,尤其在人物心理表现上,一直是纪录片创作中的一个难点,通过本文的写作,笔者对人物心理表现手法有了更深入的把握,期望本文研究成果能为以后的纪录片创作提供一定的借鉴意义,在此基础上,不断丰富更多的创作方法,增强纪录片的表现力和感染力。
[Abstract]:The film is an art of using a variety of narrative means and audio-visual means, to portray the psychology of characters art style. It is on the narrative and film technology as the foundation, the lens and the voice for the media, to create the image in the flow of the image, reflect and reproduce life an art. As a type of documentary film in art, has always been to record each time people's living state responsibility. All the personal behavior and social behavior is the heart of the reaction, so the creation of real characters, cannot do without psychological characterization. In the theoretical study and creation practice of the domestic and foreign documentaries on the psychology of the characters shaping the documentary also did not cause enough attention, and through the performance of characters' inner thoughts, emotions, psychological characters is the key to documentary. The documentary characters as the main research in psychological performance Let, in order to explore a set of documentary character psychological time effective method. In the process of writing, the author read the relevant theoretical works, observe from the last century in China since 80s and the history of foreign documentary on the classic documentary, finishing the characters psychological experience some documentary creation process, and personally the practice of shooting the most beautiful island of Weishan < rural doctors "and" small Tang riding Chinese dream > two documentary documentary, to grasp the psychology of the characters expression in theory and practice. This paper has found that the performance figures in the documentary narrative psychology, narrative structure arrangement can be used to show the changes of psychological development, narrative the plot also can imply that the psychological characters of ups and downs, narrative details can enrich people's inner world, different narrative perspectives tend to people's psychological perspective is not the same layer On the cross section. The use of the picture language psychological characters, should comply with the documentary footage in the film, for example, with a long lens actively looking for stories, presenting characters of psychological is complete, but the depth of field lens in showing people's psychology, the audience is the interpretation of polysemy, which has brought the implication of to describe the documentary the psychology of characters, to leave the space of thinking for the audience. Featured in character psychological, a role that can not be ignored, often in the heart of the characters. The landscape prominent moment for describing the psychology of the characters of the color and picture rhythm is also important, through the different colors in the picture composition, direct mapping of character psychology nervous or calm state. The documentary can express the character psychology according to the different speed of the rhythm; sound is the audio-visual language of another important element, Soundbite, commentary, music, and sound effects are used more sound elements in the documentary, on the one hand to record the voice character of the language, interpretation of the characters psychological meaning is more persuasive. But the commentary can directly reveal the characters of the heart would like to, music and sound in character psychological. Play a supporting role, rendering the characters emotions documentary. There is a long way to go, especially in the psychology of the characters on the performance, has been a difficulty in the documentary creation, the writing of this article, the author of the psychology of the characters expression have a more in-depth grasp, hope this research can provide a reference for the documentary film creation, on this basis, constantly enrich the creation method more, enhance the documentary expressive and appealing.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J952

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