银川盆地土地变化与景观生态安全动态分析

发布时间：2018-01-13 02:33

本文关键词：银川盆地土地变化与景观生态安全动态分析　出处：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态环境是人们赖以生存和社会经济发展的基础。土地利用和覆盖变化与人类发展关系密切,直接或间接的影响生态系统的物质循环和能量交换,同时也关系到人类社会的稳定。人地矛盾和生态环境与人类发展矛盾日益突出,由此引发的生态问题已严重威胁人类社会经济的可持续发展。景观是人类经济活动的资源和开发利用对象,景观类型具有区域性和累积性的特征,直观地反映在生态系统的结构和组成的特征,景观变化也反映了生态系统变化过程,并影响生态安全。研究土地利用变化对景观生态安全的影响,有利于了解人类活动对生态环境的影响,为制定可持续发展的土地政策和措施提供参考。银川盆地是宁夏政治、经济、文化的中心,是黄河流域中上游地区主要的工业、农业生产基地,同时又是带动周边地区发展的重要地区。随着银川盆地经济的不断发展,生态环境问题日益突出。本文首先通过解译遥感影像获取三年银川盆地土地利用数据,分析土地利用变化情况。其次获取各网格的景观格局指数、植被覆盖度和土壤侵蚀度,构建景观生态安全度,计算不同时期银川盆地的景观生态安全。最后选择土地利用程度综合指数、综合土地利用类型动态度和基于植被修正的灯光城市指数分析土地利用变化、人口经济发展对景观生态安全的影响,并提出合理化建议。主要结论如下：(1)研究时段内银川盆地建设用地急剧扩张,增加32726.97hm2,林地增长较快,增加27365.58hm2,草地、耕地和未利用地有不同程度的减少,分别减少49691.07hm2、9045hm2和5229.18hm2,水体基本保持不变。银川盆地以耕地和草地比重占优,其次是建设用地和林地,水体和未利用地比重最小。从转移矩阵上看,耕地、林地和草地之间的转换最为剧烈。土地利用程度综合指数方面,以银川市区(西夏区和金凤区)和石嘴山市区(大武口区)变化最为剧烈,主要原因归功于建设用地的增加。(2)银川盆地的景观生态安全度相对较高,区域差异较大,西部贺兰山部分较低,盆地平原地区较高,中部和南部有逐渐升高的趋势,北部有下降的趋势。2001-2012年景观生态安全度低等级网格的比例有所减少,较低和一般等级的比例先减后增,较高等级的比例先增后减,高等级的比例明显增加,生态环境呈现较好的发展趋势。(3)研究区景观生态安全度在空间上存在正相关关系且空间全局自相关较显著,呈现较强的集聚现象,集聚态势先减后增,有一定的波动性,集聚模式主要为高值区集聚和低值区集聚的正相关空间关联模式。局部自相关方面,贺兰山部分呈现低值区集聚,显著性达到0.01,高值区集聚主要分布在盆地的中部和南部,内部的显著性可达0.01,外围一般为0.05。(4)土地利用变化与景观生态安全密切相关,景观生态安全度较低的地区土地利用程度也较低,随着土地利用程度的增加,景观生态安全度不断上升,但是达到一定程度后,随着土地利用程度增加,景观生态安全度反而降低。综合土地利用类型动态度反映了土地利用变化的快慢,其值越高对景观生态安全的影响越剧烈,但是影响的方向是不确定的。(5)不同土地转移类型对景观生态安全影响不同。林地的增加往往能够提高景观生态安全度,耕地扩张过程中建设用地或草地的比例增加会降低景观生态安全度,大面积的植草过程中建设用地的比例增加也会降低景观生态安全度,建设用地扩张的同时保证一定数量的林地和草地建设有利于提高景观生态安全度。(6)景观生态安全受人口、经济发展影响,随着人口的扩张和经济的发展生态环境逐步改善,与土地利用程度相似的是达到一定程度后,随着人口、经济的发展生态环境呈恶化趋势。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment is the foundation for people's survival and the development of social economy. The close relationship between land use and land cover change and human development, material circulation and energy effects of ecosystem directly or indirectly to the exchange, but also related to the human society. The contradiction between people and land conflicts and the ecological environment and human development have become increasingly prominent, the ecological problems the cause has been a serious threat to the sustainable development of human society and economy. The development and utilization of resources and landscape is the object of human economic activities, the landscape type has the characteristics of regional and cumulative, directly reflected in the ecological system of the structure and composition of the characteristics of landscape change also reflects changes in ecosystem processes, and the influence of ecological security. Study on land use change of landscape ecological security, is conducive to understanding the impact of human activities on the ecological environment, for the sustainable development of land policy And measures for reference. Yinchuan basin in Ningxia is the political, economic and cultural center, is the main industry in the upper reaches of the Yellow River River Basin, agricultural production base, and it is also an important area to promote the development of surrounding areas. With the development of economy of Yinchuan basin, ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Firstly, through the interpretation of remote sensing image acquisition three years of Yinchuan basin land use data, land use change analysis. Secondly get the landscape pattern index of each grid, vegetation coverage and soil erosion degree, the construction of landscape ecological security degree, calculation of landscape ecological security in different periods in Yinchuan basin. The final choice of the comprehensive index of land use degree, comprehensive land use dynamic degree and vegetation correction the lights of the city index based on the analysis of land use change, the impact of population on the economic development of landscape ecological security, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions. Conclusions are as follows: (1) the study period in Yinchuan basin construction land expansion, increase forest growth, increase 32726.97hm2, 27365.58hm2, grassland, cultivated land and unused land have different degrees of reduction, reduction of 49691.07hm29045hm2 and 5229.18hm2 respectively, the water remained unchanged. The Yinchuan basin in the proportion of cultivated land and grassland dominated, followed by construction land and forest land, water and unused land. The minimum proportion from the transfer matrix perspective, conversion between cultivated land, woodland and grassland is the most severe. The comprehensive index of land use degree, in the urban area of Yinchuan (Xixia district and Jinfeng district and Shizuishan city) (Dawukou District) change is the most dramatic, mainly due to the the increase of construction land. (2) Yinchuan basin landscape ecological security degree is relatively high, large regional differences, the western part of Helan mountain is relatively low, high basin, central and southern gradually Increasing trend, a downward trend in.2001-2012 landscape ecological security degree of low grade grid north of the decrease in the proportion of low proportion and general level decreased first and then increased, a higher proportion of first increased and then decreased, significantly increased the proportion of high level, the ecological environment is a good development trend. (3) the study area landscape ecological security degree in space there is a positive correlation between space and global self more significant correlation, showing strong agglomeration, the agglomeration trend of first decrease and then increase, the volatility of the cluster model for the main area of high value and low value area agglomeration clustering is positively related to spatial association mode. Local autocorrelation. Helan mountain shows low value area agglomeration significantly reached 0.01, the high value area of agglomeration is mainly distributed in the central and southern basin, was up to 0.01 inside, periphery is 0.05. (4) land use change and ecological security. Closely related to land use degree, landscape ecological security degree lower and lower, with the increase of land use degree, landscape ecological security degree rise, but to a certain extent, with the increase of the degree of land use, landscape ecological security degree decreased. The comprehensive land use dynamic degree reflects the land use change speed and the higher the value of landscape ecological security influence is fiercer, but the effect is uncertain. (5) the impact of the transfer of different land types on landscape ecological security. The increase of forest land can often improve landscape ecological security, land or grassland will reduce the increase in the proportion of landscape ecological security construction land expansion in the process, the ratio of land increased will also reduce the landscape ecological security construction in the process of planting a large area at the same time, the expansion of construction land to ensure a certain amount of forest land and grassland The construction is conducive to improve the landscape ecological security degree. (6) the landscape ecological security by the population, the influence of economic development, with the development of ecological environment and population expansion of the economy gradually improved, and the degree of land use is similar to a certain extent, with the population, the economic development of the ecological environment was deteriorating.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901;F301.2

【参考文献】