内蒙古中温型与暖温型草原区城市景观格局变化及植物多样性比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 01:21

本文关键词：内蒙古中温型与暖温型草原区城市景观格局变化及植物多样性比较研究　出处：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着产业结构的调整、经济的发展和人口的快速增长,我国进入快速城市化阶段,城市空间快速扩张。城市扩张不仅造成城市区域景观格局的改变,也对边缘区产生影响,同时也影响区域植物多样性。内蒙古地区景观类型丰富,生态环境较脆弱,城市化对区域景观格局及生物多样性产生重大影响。本文选取中温型草原区城市锡林浩特市、二连浩特市和暖温型草原区城市鄂尔多斯市东胜区、康巴什新区为研究对象,以TM影像为基础,并通过实地植物群落调查,研究了城市及其边缘区景观格局变化及对植物多样性的影响,并得出以下结论:(1)中温型草原区城市和暖温型草原区城市扩张导致建设用地面积增大,区域景观破碎化程度、景观异质化程度增强,各斑块之间的连通性减弱。中温型草原区城市草地面积减小,破碎化程度增加,耕地、林地、建设用地、未利用土地面积增加,草地向建设用地、林地和未利用土地转变。暖温型草原区城市耕地、草地、未利用土地面积减小,破碎化程度增加,林地、建设用地面积增大,连通性增强。(2)时间尺度上,城市扩张导致中温型草原区城市和暖温型草原区城市边缘区建设用地面积增大,结合度增强。中温型草原区城市边缘区景观破碎化程度、异质化程度增加,斑块间连通性减弱,斑块形状趋于规则,建设用地进一步增大,成主要景观类型时,景观破碎化程度、异质化程度减弱。同时,城市扩张导致中温型草原区城市边缘区草地减少,未利用土地增加。暖温型草原区城市扩张过程中,边缘区景观格局变化无明显规律,草地、未利用土地减少,城市建成区扩张范围内耕地减少。(3)空间尺度上,随着与城市距离的增加,中温型草原区城市和暖温型草原区城市边缘区中各斑块形状趋于规则。中温型草原区城市边缘区景观破碎化程度、景观异质化程度降低,连通性增强。暖温型草原区城市边缘区景观破碎化程度无明显规律。(4)中温型草原区城市和暖温型草原区城市市区中植物物种总数显著高于自然群落,多年生草本所占比例显著低于自然群落,中生植物所占比例显著高于自然群落,且市区中有湿生植物出现。市区植物多样性高于自然群落,但均匀度低于自然群落。植物主要集中在豆科、菊科、禾本科等世界大科中。中温型草原区城市市区多年生草本植物所占比例明显低于暖温型草原区城市。
[Abstract]:With the adjustment of industrial structure, rapid economic development and population growth, China has entered the stage of Rapid City, the rapid expansion of the city space. City expansion not only cause city regional landscape pattern change, also affect the edge area, also affect the plant diversity. Landscape types in Inner Mongolia region is abundant in ecological environment fragile city have a significant impact on the regional landscape pattern and biodiversity. The temperature in selected grassland area of Xilinhaote City, Erenhot city and warm temperate grassland Ordos City District City Dongsheng District, Kangbashi district as the research object, using TM image as the foundation, and through field investigation of plant community, the landscape and the city the pattern of fringe changes and effects on plant diversity, and draw the following conclusions: (1) in temperate grassland zone and warm temperate steppe type city city expansion led to build A land area increase, regional landscape fragmentation, landscape heterogeneity degree is increasing, the connectivity between patches decreased. In temperate grassland area city grassland area decreased, the fragmentation degree increased, cultivated land, woodland, construction land, unused land area increased, the grass to construction land, woodland and unused land change. Warm city in warm steppe type of cultivated land, grassland, unused land area decreased, the degree of fragmentation increased, forest land, construction land area increased, enhanced connectivity. (2) the time scale, the city expansion leads to the increase of land area in temperate grassland and warm temperate steppe type city city fringe area the construction of the combination of enhanced. In temperate grassland area of the city fringe area landscape fragmentation degree, the degree of heterogeneity increased connectivity between patches decreased, patch shape becomes regular, the construction land increased, as the main landscape types, the landscape is broken The degree of fragmentation, the degree of heterogeneity decreased. At the same time, in the city expansion leads to temperate grassland area of the city fringe area of grassland decreased, unused land increased. Warm temperate steppe region city expansion process, landscape pattern change of the edge is not obvious, grassland, unused land decreased, the city built-up area expansion within the scope of the reduction of arable land. (3) the spatial scale, and with the increase of city distance, the patch shape tended to rule in temperate grassland area of the city and warm temperate grassland area of the city fringe area. In temperate grassland area of the city fringe area landscape fragmentation, landscape heterogeneity decreased, enhanced connectivity. No obvious rules of warm type city fringe area steppe landscape fragmentation degree. (4) in temperate grassland zone and warm temperate steppe plant city city urban areas in the total number of species was significantly higher than that of natural communities, perennial herbaceous proportion was significantly lower than that of natural group In the fall, the proportion of plants was significantly higher than that of natural communities, and urban in hygrophytes. Urban plant diversity is higher than that of natural communities, but the evenness is lower than the natural plant community. Mainly concentrated in the Leguminosae, Compositae, Gramineae and other families. The world accounted for in temperate grassland area in city perennial proportion was significantly lower than that in warm temperate steppe areas of the city.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948;TU984

【参考文献】