市域尺度土地生态质量评价与空间分异研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 02:04

本文关键词：市域尺度土地生态质量评价与空间分异研究　出处：《河南理工大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地作为社会经济发展的核心要素,其数量、质量和生态状况对人类生存和发展至关重要。地市级国土部门作为国家实现土地数量、质量、生态综合管控的关键环节,承担着落实细化国家、省市宏观战略部署,指导调控县市国土部门加强土地管控的重要职责。因此,在市域尺度对土地生态质量开展系统评价和空间分异研究,为改善土地生态质量,加快生态文明社会建设提供支撑,已成为当前亟待解决的科学问题。本文面向地市级国土部门提升土地综合管控能力需求,以焦作市域为研究区,构建了市域尺度下基于改进理想点的土地生态质量评价模型,研究了土地生态质量空间分异及其主控因子分析方法,提出了土地生态管护分区技术及调控对策。主要内容如下:(1)从土地生态本底、胁迫、结构、效益四方面构建了市域尺度下土地生态质量状况评价指标体系。遵循综合性和差异性等原则,面向地市级国土管理部门土地生态建设与管控职责定位,基于人地协调理论、可持续发展和景观生态学等理论,从准则层和元指标层两方面建立评价指标体系。(2)面向地市级国土管理部门土地生态建设与管控需求,构建了基于改进理想点的市域尺度土地生态质量评价模型。以村级行政区为评价单元,引入理想点模型,并从数据标准化、最优组合赋权重、虚拟最劣解三个方面进行改进,建立了土地生态质量评价模型,提出了基于自然断裂点法的土地生态质量分级方法,评价结果更加科学、明晰。(3)提出了市域尺度土地生态质量空间分异及其主控因子识别方法。引入空间自相关思想,提出了基于热点分析理论数学模型的质量空间分异方法,以各影响因子属性值的“中心”(高值集聚)和“洼地”(低值集聚)来揭示要素的空间集聚和分异程度;利用决策树CART算法和主成分分析模型,建立了全域分异和各分异类型区的土地生态质量空间分异主控因子识别方法并进行了应用。(4)建立了基于聚类分析模型的土地生态管护分区方法。从土地生态影响因子、景观生态、规划空间管制等方面建立土地生态管护分区指标体系,利用欧氏距离法、类平均法对分区单元的相似性程度进行分析和单元聚类归并,提出了基于SPSS和GIS技术的聚类分区模型,实现了土地生态管护的分区。(5)运用建立的土地生态质量评价模型、空间分异方法、管护分区技术对焦作市土地生态质量状况和空间分异特征进行了研究。研究表明,全市土地生态质量呈现出中部差,南部及北部较好的空间特征;土地生态质量呈现出“核心一边缘”结构的空间分异特征,即由城镇向远郊呈上升趋势,而由水库、河流、风景区向城区呈下降趋势,局部区域呈现点状或面状或条带状聚集特征;生态服务价值、NPP、人口密度、林网密度、水面比例等是引起市域土地生态质量空间分异的主控因子,但不同生态空间分异类型区主控因子各有差异;全市土地生态管护分区分为太行山地、城乡一体化、平原、小城镇、沿黄土地生态涵养等五个土地生态管护区,分区提出了相应的土地生态管护调控对等建议。
[Abstract]:The land as the core elements of the social and economic development, the quantity, quality and ecological conditions is vital to human survival and development. The land sector as a national implementation of the land quantity, quality, key ecological comprehensive control, undertakes to refine the implementation of national macro strategic deployment, provinces, counties and land departments to strengthen guidance and control is an important duty of land management and control. Therefore, the city scale of land ecological quality evaluation system and carry out the study on the spatial differentiation of land, in order to improve the ecological quality, accelerate the ecological civilization construction to provide support, has become an urgent issue. The municipal land department for land comprehensive control lifting capacity requirements, taking Jiaozuo city as the study area, improvement land ecological quality evaluation model based on ideal point is constructed under the city scale, the spatial differentiation of land ecological quality and its main control The method of factor analysis, this paper put forward the land ecological protection and control measures of partition technology. The main contents are as follows: (1) from the land ecological background, stress, structure, benefit four aspects to construct the land ecological quality evaluation index system of city scale. According to comprehensive and difference principle, for the land management department of land ecological construction and management responsibilities, to coordinate based on the theory of sustainable development and landscape ecology theory, from the rule layer and index layer two yuan to establish the evaluation indicators system. (2) the Municipal Land Management Department of land ecological construction and management needs, improve the city scale construction land ecological quality evaluation model of ideal point based on the village level administrative area as the evaluation unit, the ideal point model, and from the data standardization, the optimal combination weights, the virtual optimal improvement in three aspects, the establishment of the Evaluation of land ecological quality model, put forward the classification method of land ecological quality of natural fracture point method based on the evaluation results more scientific and clear. (3) proposed to identify different methods and main factors of spatial scale of land ecological quality. The spatial autocorrelation thought, put forward the differentiation method of hot quality spatial analysis theory based on the mathematical model, the influence factor to the attribute value "center" (high concentration) and depression (low concentration) to reveal the elements of spatial agglomeration and differentiation; analysis model using CART decision tree algorithm and principal component, the establishment of a land ecological quality spatial differentiation and differentiation of the universe the identification of types of main control factor method is applied. (4) the establishment of a land ecological protection zoning model based on cluster analysis method. The effects of land ecological factors, landscape ecology, planning space control etc. The establishment of zoning index system of land ecological management, using the Euclidean distance method, average method of partition unit similarity analysis and cluster merging unit, proposed clustering model and SPSS based on GIS technology, the realization of land ecological protection and management zoning. (5) the use of the land ecological quality evaluation model, space differential protection method, partition technology of Jiaozuo city land ecological quality and spatial distribution are studied. The results show that the land ecological quality shows central difference, the southern and northern part of the space better characteristics; land ecological quality showing the differentiation characteristics of a core edge structure of the space, from the town to the suburbs is on the rise, and the reservoir, river, scenic area to the city declined, local area showed punctate or planar or banded aggregation characteristics; ecological service value, NPP, population density Of forest density, the water ratio is the primary factor causing the spatial domain of land ecological quality difference, but the difference in different types of ecological space of main controlling factors are different; the land ecological protection zoning is divided into Taihang Mountains, plains, integration of urban and rural areas, small towns, along the Loess Plateau ecological conservation five the land ecological protection zone, zoning proposed land ecological management and protection regulation of the corresponding equivalence.

【学位授予单位】：河南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2;X826

【相似文献】