北京地区12种地被植物应用评价

发布时间：2018-01-16 03:21

本文关键词：北京地区12种地被植物应用评价　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地被植物因其具有适应性强、生长速度快、景观效果好、管理粗放等特点,在维持城市园林生物多样性和土壤肥力、涵养水源、保持水土、提高土地利用率等方面有重要作用,在城市绿化建设过程中扮演着重要角色,已经成为城市园林植物群落中不可缺少的部分,对保护和美化环境,提高城市形象方面有着重要意义。经过调查筛选出北京地区常见耐阴性强、管理粗放的地被植物,通过实地调查的方式,对地被植物样本进行图像采集,筛选出12张具有代表性的图片,通过语义解析法(Semantic Differential,SD法)进行评定,用因子分析法对样本数据进行分析;其次,以不同生态功能为单位,对不同地被植物固碳释氧能力、阻滞粉尘能力、茎叶截留雨水能力、土壤抗蚀能力和渗透能力进行分析;最后,对不同地被植物的建植和维护成本、繁殖效益和环境效益进行估算,筛选出适合北京地区应用的地被植物,为今后北京地区地被植物建植工作提供理论依据。通过SD法对选取的12种地被植物景观效果评价,发现硫华菊(Cosmos sulphureus)、拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigejos)和‘小兔子’狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides‘Little Bunny’)的景观效果较好。在生态效益方面,百日草(Zinnia elegans)固碳释氧能力强、阻滞粉尘作用明显;玉带草(Pratia nummularia)茎叶截留雨水效果好、种植后土壤抗侵蚀能力强、土壤渗透性能好;硫华菊和蓝赖草(Leymus secalinus)固碳释氧能力强;‘小兔子’狼尾草阻滞粉尘效果好、土壤渗透性能好;青绿苔草(Carex leucochlora)和披针叶苔草(Carex lanceolata)阻滞滞尘效果明显、土壤抗侵蚀能力强;种植地被以后的土壤容重与空旷地相比均有所降低。在经济效益方面,种植斑叶芒(Miscanthus sinensis’Variegatus’)产生的经济效益最高,每公顷超过180万元,玉带草、青绿苔草和披针叶苔草每公顷产生的经济效益也都超过100万元,效益较好。土壤条件、环境条件和目的不同,在对地被植物选择时依照的标准也不尽相同,因此要结合林地实际情况,科学选择。综上所述,硫华菊、‘小兔子’狼尾草的景观效果好,生态作用明显;玉带草、斑叶芒、披针叶苔草和青绿苔草生态作用强、经济效益好,是北京地区较好的地被植物应用种类,适合北京地区应用和推广。
[Abstract]:Because of its strong adaptability, rapid growth rate, good landscape effect, extensive management and other characteristics, the ground cover plants in the maintenance of urban garden biodiversity and soil fertility, water conservation, soil and water conservation. The improvement of land use efficiency plays an important role in the process of urban greening construction and has become an indispensable part of urban garden plant communities to protect and beautify the environment. Improving the image of the city is of great significance. Through the investigation and screening of common anti-negative, extensive management of ground cover plants in Beijing area, through field investigation, the ground cover plant samples are collected. Twelve representative images were selected and evaluated by semantic analysis method. Factor analysis method was used to analyze the sample data. Secondly, according to different ecological functions, the ability of carbon sequestration and oxygen release, the ability of blocking dust, the ability of interception of stems and leaves of Rain Water, the ability of soil erosion resistance and the ability of osmosis were analyzed. Finally, the cost of establishment and maintenance, reproductive benefit and environmental benefit of different ground cover plants were estimated, and the ground cover plants suitable for application in Beijing were selected. In order to provide theoretical basis for the establishment of ground cover plants in Beijing area in the future, through the evaluation of landscape effects of selected 12 ground cover plants by SD method, it was found that Cosmos sulphureus. Calamagrostis epigejos and 'Rabbits' The landscape effect of Pennisetum alopecuroides'Little Bunny is better. Zinnia elegant anss has strong ability of carbon sequestration and oxygen release, and has obvious effect on inhibiting dust. The stem and leaf interception of Rain Water by Pratia nummularia was effective, and soil erosion resistance and soil permeability were good after planting. Sulfur chrysanthemum and Leymus secalinus) have strong ability of carbon sequestration and oxygen release. 'Rabbits' has good dust blocking effect and good soil permeability. Carex leucochlora) and Carex lanceolata (Carex lanceolata) have obvious effect on dedusting and soil erosion resistance. The soil bulk density after the planting was lower than that of the open land. The highest economic benefit was obtained by planting Miscanthus sinensis (Variegatusus), which was more than 1.8 million yuan per hectare. The economic benefits of green moss and lanceolata were over 1 million yuan per hectare. The soil conditions, environmental conditions and objectives were different, and the criteria for selection of ground cover plants were different. Therefore, we should combine the actual situation of woodland, scientific choice. To sum up, the landscape effect of 'Little Rabbit' is good, and the ecological effect is obvious; It has strong ecological effect and good economic benefit. It is a better ground cover plant application species in Beijing area and is suitable for application and popularization in Beijing area.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S688.4

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