国外生态村“生态”景观营造

发布时间：2018-01-19 10:48

  本文关键词： 生态村 景观营造 自然生态 人文生态 社会生态　出处：《天津大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态村是20世纪末期在西方国家产生和发展起来的人类可持续居住社区。作为一种新的生活模式,生态村经过三十余年的发展,已成为融合生态性、文化性和社会性于一体的整体生态社区。景观环境作为其重要组成,不应仅局限于单一功能主义、物质空间形态或生态系统理论来探讨,而是要将其纳入一个更为广阔的多维度复合化视野,充分发挥其协调自然、文化、社会生态系统相互作用的综合性影响。本文是国家自然科学基金“中国生态村落中零排放建筑的MSA方法研究——关于适用指南的综合策略”的子课题。首先,论文分别从生态学、景观生态学、“永续栽培设计”以及“复合系统”理论视角阐述生态村景观营造的理论基础,为生态村景观在自然、文化、社会生态系统相互作用的复合系统下的营造实践提供理论依据。进而通过资料查阅和分析,对国外生态村基本特征以及发展现状进行梳理。并以地理区位、功能内容、建造性质以及景观格局作为划分生态村类型的依据,对不同类型的生态村景观形态进行描述性研究,研究归纳其普遍性及典型性景观特征。由此得出生态村景观在自然、人文及社会三方面的属性。其次,结合生态村景观属性分析,论文以整体化和系统化观点,从生态村自然景观、生产性景观以及文化景观三个层面提出并解析生态村景观结构,以建立对生态村景观系统的整体认知体系。再次,论文在生态村景观构成研究基础之上,结合生态村典型案例,以多层次结构分析法建立生态村景观营造模型(实践策略体系)——分别从自然生态、人文生态和社会生态三个层面解构生态村景观环境。旨在运用景观设计策略促进并达成人与自然环境、文化环境、社会环境之间的互动与协调发展,从而实现生态村生态、文化和社会等多方面的可持续发展:于自然生态维度,通过资源利用、场地设计、水环境和绿地系统层面论述生态村低影响景观生态技术实践,建立自然、高效并具有一定自我维持能力的动态自然生态景观系统;于人文生态维度,以文化持续演进的理念,从“可意象”景观塑造和“需求-行为-建造”两个层面分析生态村人文生态建构的景观策略;于社会生态维度,研究生态村在制度层面、观念层面和设计层面改善社会生态关系的景观措施,以及其对于促进生态村社会生态和谐所发挥的积极作用。最后,论文总结生态村景观营造的复合化方法。针对当前生态危机及社区发展的需要,在中外生态村差异性比较研究基础上,探寻国外生态村理论及实践影响下的中国“生态村”成长机制:结合我国生态村镇(社区)现状及其问题,尝试提出我国在国际生态村运动和城乡一体化建设大背景下生态村镇(社区)整体适用策略以及景观营造的基本逻辑,以为我国生态村社建设发展提供有益借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the end of 20th century, ecological village is a sustainable living community in western countries. As a new life mode, ecological village has become integrated ecology after more than 30 years' development. As an important component, landscape environment should not be limited to single functionalism, material space form or ecosystem theory. Instead, it should be brought into a broader multi-dimensional compound vision, and give full play to its harmonious nature and culture. The Comprehensive impact of Social ecosystem interaction. This paper is a study on the MSA method of Zero Emission Building in Chinese Ecological villages by the National Natural Science Foundation of China: a Comprehensive Strategy for the Application of guidelines. First of all. From the view of ecology, landscape ecology, "sustainable cultivation design" and "compound system", this paper expounds the theoretical basis of ecological village landscape construction, which is the natural and cultural aspects of ecological village landscape. The construction practice under the complex system of social ecosystem interaction provides the theoretical basis. Then through the reference and analysis of the data, the basic characteristics and development status of the foreign ecological villages are sorted out, and the geographical location. The functional content, the nature of construction and the landscape pattern are used as the basis for the classification of ecological village types, and the descriptive study on different types of ecological village landscape form is carried out. The study summarizes its general and typical landscape characteristics. From this, the ecological village landscape in the natural, human and social attributes. Secondly, combined with the ecological village landscape attributes analysis, the paper takes the holistic and systematic view. From the ecological village natural landscape, productive landscape and cultural landscape three levels proposed and analyzed ecological village landscape structure, in order to establish the ecological village landscape system of the overall cognitive system. Based on the study of ecological village landscape composition and combined with the typical case of ecological village, the paper establishes the ecological village landscape building model by multi-level structure analysis (practice strategy system) from the natural ecology. The landscape environment of ecological village is deconstructed from the three levels of humanistic ecology and social ecology. The purpose of this paper is to promote and achieve the interaction and harmonious development between human beings and natural environment, cultural environment and social environment by using landscape design strategy. In order to achieve ecological village ecology, culture and social and other aspects of sustainable development: in the natural ecological dimension, through the use of resources, site design. On the level of water environment and green space system, this paper discusses the ecological technology practice of low impact landscape in ecological village, and establishes the dynamic natural ecological landscape system which is natural, efficient and self-sustaining. Based on the concept of sustainable evolution of culture, the landscape strategies of humanistic ecological construction in ecological villages are analyzed from the perspectives of "imaginable" landscape shaping and "demand-behavior-building". In the social ecological dimension, the ecological village in the institutional level, concept level and design level of the landscape measures to improve the social ecological relationship, as well as its positive role in promoting ecological harmony in the ecological village. Finally. According to the current ecological crisis and the needs of community development, the paper summarizes the ecological village landscape construction of the composite method, on the basis of the comparative study of the differences between Chinese and foreign ecological villages. To explore the growth mechanism of Chinese "ecological village" under the influence of foreign ecological village theory and practice: combined with the current situation and problems of ecological village town (community) in China. Try to put forward our country in the international ecological village movement and urban and rural integration under the background of the ecological village town (community) overall applicable strategy and landscape construction of the basic logic. For our ecological village community construction and development to provide useful reference.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU982.29
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本文编号：1443851