基于健康水循环的山地城市住区径流污染源头控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-08 14:10

本文关键词： 山地城市住区径流污染源头控制健康水循环　出处：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国城市化质量的稳步提高,各城市污水处理基础设施建设日益完善,传统点源污染的治理卓有成效。然而,我国城市在高速发展的过程中,不透水的硬化地表比例越来越高,而雨水处置方面又追求“高重现期、大雨水管网”和“雨水快排快泄”,这一方面带来了严重的城市暴雨径流污染,一方面也导致了城市雨水水文循环被破坏,城市雨水径流的处置已经成为诸多城市所面临的一个棘手问题。以重庆为典型的山地城市,其城市暴雨径流污染相对于平原城市具有更独特、更复杂的规律。研究重庆住宅区的径流污染分布特性,并建立融合了健康水循环理念的、关注住区小尺度汇水流域健康水循环构建的径流污染源头控制体系,对于从源头上解决降雨径流污染问题,修复住区小尺度流域雨水循环,改善和提升山地城市住区水环境质量有长远的意义。本论文选择了重庆约克郡住宅区作为研究区域,监测了小区内各主要源区下垫面的降雨径流污染状况,建设了降雨径流污染源头控制技术措施体系,取得了以下的研究成果:①监测了6场降雨事件中,水泥屋面、水泥路面和沥青路面的径流水质,结果表明,3种源区下垫面的初期径流污染严重,其降雨径流中COD、TSS、TN、NH3-N和TP浓度的峰值大多出现在径流产生初期15min以内,COD、TN、NH3-N、TP的峰值超出了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅴ类标准限值,而TSS最大峰值已经超出了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)三级标准限值。降雨历程中,沥青路面、水泥路面、水泥屋面的污染物浓度的衰减速率由大到小依次降低。②约克郡3种源区下垫面的径流污染情况较为严重,监测的污染物EMC分析表明,除了水泥屋面的NH3-N、TP能接近Ⅲ类标准限值之外,水泥屋面其它污染物和另外两种下垫面的各污染物浓度几乎都超出了Ⅳ类标准甚至是Ⅴ类标准限值。沥青路面径流COD和TSS的EMC值显著高于水泥屋面和水泥路面;3种下垫面TN的EMC值较为接近,水泥路面略高于沥青路面,水泥屋面最低;NH3-N的EMC浓度相对较低,浓度由高至低依次是沥青路面、水泥路面、水泥屋面,沥青路面值超出了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅴ类标准,水泥路面能接近Ⅳ类标准;对于TP,EMC均值最高的仍是沥青路面,其值超出了Ⅴ类标准限值,水泥路面的总磷EMC均值超出了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅳ类标准;对于TSS,水泥路面TSS浓度是《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级标准的1.8倍,沥青路面甚至超出了三级标准1.32倍。因此,约克郡要实现建设生态小区的目标,必须建设小区径流污染源头控制措施体系,以改善径流污染状况。③在约克郡住宅区集成了多种技术措施,布置了绿地系统、植被过滤缓冲带、透水性路面、雨水花园、梯级雨水径流循环景观池构成的源控制系统,辅以植草沟、生态雨水渗透沟组成的迁移控制系统和控污型生态岸边带构成的汇控制系统,建成了一套优化组合的径流污染源头控制措施体系。④约克郡径流污染源头控制体系的运行监测结果表明,该体系可以保证重光湖的水质维持或接近开发前的状态,基本可以满足《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类水质标准,水体环境质量不退化,也能保障重光湖的生态需水量,使湖体水量处于平衡状态,水位不明显下降,水域面积不明显缩减,水质和水量均满足构建小尺度区域健康水循环的要求。
[Abstract]:With the steady improvement of the quality of China City, the city sewage treatment infrastructure construction is increasingly perfect, very fruitful management of traditional point source pollution in our city. However, in the process of rapid development, impervious surface hardening of the increasingly high proportion of rainwater disposal aspects and the pursuit of "high return period, the rain water pipe network" and "rain fast row quick release", which brings the city storm runoff pollution is serious, on the one hand, also led to the destruction of city rainwater hydrological cycle, city rainwater runoff disposal has become a difficult problem faced by many city. Chongqing is a typical mountainous city, the city storm runoff pollution compared with the plain city has more unique and more complex rules. The runoff pollution distribution characteristics of Chongqing residential area, and the establishment of the concept of integration of healthy water cycle, pay attention to small scale residential water sinks Runoff pollution source control system of healthy water cycle construction, to solve the problem of rainfall runoff pollution from the source, repair residential area of the small watershed water circulation, improve and enhance the mountain city live in the long-term water environment quality. This paper chose Chongqing Yorkshire residential area as the study area, the area within the main source area the surface rainfall runoff pollution monitoring, construction technical measures of rainfall runoff pollution source control system, has achieved the following results: 1. Monitoring of the cement roof 6 rainfall events, and cement road surface and asphalt pavement runoff quality, the results show that the 3 kinds of source area of surface runoff pollution seriously, the rainfall runoff in COD, TSS, TN, NH3-N and TP peak concentration occurs mostly in the early runoff generation within 15min, COD, TN, NH3-N, TP peak beyond the "surface water environmental quality standard" (GB383 8-2002) limit V standard, while the TSS peak has exceeded the "integrated wastewater discharge standard" (GB8978-1996) limit of three standards. The rainfall process, asphalt pavement, cement concrete pavement, the decay rate of pollutant concentration of cement roof decreases from large to small. The 3 Yorkshire source region surface runoff pollution is serious, the monitoring of pollutant EMC analysis shows that, in addition to cement roof NH3-N, TP close to the class III standard limit, concentrations of other pollutants cement roofing and other two surfaces of various pollutants are almost beyond the limit standards of grade IV or even grade V standard of asphalt pavement runoff and TSS COD. The EMC value was significantly higher than that of cement roof and cement road surface; EMC TN of 3 kinds of values are close to the cement pavement is slightly higher than that of asphalt pavement, cement roof is lowest; EMC concentration NH3-N concentration is relatively low, from high to low is the drain Asphalt pavement, cement concrete pavement, cement roof, asphalt road value beyond the "surface water environmental quality standard" (GB3838-2002) grade V, cement pavement can be close to the standards of grade IV; for TP, is still the highest mean EMC of asphalt pavement, its value exceeds the limit value of grade V, cement pavement TP EMC beyond the mean the "surface water environmental quality standard > (GB3838-2002) class IV standards; for TSS, TSS concentration of cement pavement is < integrated wastewater discharge standard" (GB8978-1996) 1.8 times the two level standard, asphalt pavement even exceeded three standard 1.32 times. Therefore, Yorkshire should realize the construction of ecological residential district, the runoff must be the construction of pollution source control measures to improve the system, runoff pollution. The integration of a variety of technical measures of residential areas in Yorkshire, the layout of the green space system, vegetation filter buffer, water permeable pavement, rainwater runoff through the cascade garden. Ring pool landscape constitutes the source control system, with grass ditch, exchange control system transfer control system and pollution control ecological shore ecological rainwater infiltration ditch composition with the built runoff pollution source control measures a system optimization. The Yorkshire runoff pollution source control system operation monitoring results show that the the system can ensure the water quality of lake light maintain or close to developing state before, can basically meet the "surface water environmental quality standard > IV water quality standards, water quality deterioration, ecological water demand quantity but also can protect the light of the lake, to lake water in balance, the water level is not decreased, water area is not significantly reduced the quality and quantity, can meet the construction requirements of small scale regional healthy water cycle.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522;TU992

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