上海市主城区综合公园水生植物调查研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 12:46

本文关键词： 水生植物综合公园植物景观上海市　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年来,随着湿地资源的保护、城市人工湿地的建设、城市河道水生植被恢复与水体污染修复、园林水体景观的应用等方面的迅猛发展,水生植物以其独特的观赏价值,生长迅速、繁殖快、病虫害少等特点,使其具有远大的园林应用前景。在水体景观中应用水生植物,不仅能增添水面情趣、柔和驳岸曲线,使水面生动活泼,还可以改善与保护水体环境,监测与控制大气污染,促进人们的身体健康。本研究以上海市主城区综合公园的水生植物为对象,通过查阅相关文献资料和实地踏查统计出上海市主城区综合公园水生植物的种类及其分布。首先选定上海主城区具有水生植物景观的综合公园——上海市世纪公园、黄兴公园、大宁灵石公园、长风公园等14个公园,分别从植物种类、观赏特性、生长状况、群落特征等几个方面展开详细的实地调查；其次从以下几个方面对调查结果进行分析,一是植物的分布与应用频率分析,二是景观特征分析,三是植物群落分析,四是外来种入侵趋势分析；然后对水生植物的造景进行分析研究,包括水体的形式、不同水体中水生植物的应用、水生植物与周边环境的关系等研究；再次运用生态学理论和园林美学原理对水生植物的美学效果、生态效果和经济效果进行分析研究；其中以现场走访的形式得出游人对综合公园水生植物景观的相关意见及看法；最后就目前水生植物应用的现状进行对比分析,指出上海市主城区综合公园中水生植物应用存在的问题,提出可行的有现实意义的建议,为水生植物景观设计、建设和养护管理提供参考和指导。研究结果表明：1.根据文献资料和实地踏查统计,得出上海市主城区综合公园水生植物共有31种,分别隶属于18科30属,其中挺水植物有19种,浮叶植物有5种,漂浮植物有3种,沉水植物有4种。2.上海市主城区综合公园均有水生植物的应用,其中世纪公园、静安公园、鲁迅公园应用的水生植物种类明显多于其他公园,健康园的水生植物种类少且单一,黄兴公园则只有应用荷花。在这些公园中应用频率最高的为荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、睡莲(Nymphaea spp.)等。3.水生植物主要的观赏季节为夏季,大部分的水生植物的观花期都集中在4-10月。水生植物的主要观赏特征有赏花、观叶及观姿态三种类型。水生植物根据生境和生活型水生植物群落分为挺水植物群落、浮叶植物群落、沉水植物群落。4.在这些综合公园中,湖占总个水体面积的绝大部分,几乎每个公园都是以大面积的湖作为公园的主要景观,池的应用比较多,而溪流则很少。在大面积的湖中水生植物主要以大量的荷花和狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)为主；池中应用的水生植物的种类比较多,一般较精细；溪流中以水葱(Scirpus validus)、菖蒲等营造野趣的自然景观。5.水生植物的造景效果在很大程度上与周边环境有很大的关系,水生植物与周边植物、建筑物、小品之间一般就体量、色彩、构图方面进行组合搭配,才能营造良好的水生植物景观。6.水生植物景的美学效果包括布局、层次、色彩及意境。整体看上海市主城区综合公园,水生植物在布局上主要有野趣型、点景型、铺盖型和对比型四种形式,调查的这些综合公园中,水生植物色彩搭配感不是很强。7.在调查研究的基础上针对水生植物应用方面的问题,提出了一些建议,根据上海当地的条件,适当地使用一些新品种或乡土植物,注重生态功能的发挥,提高水生植物景观从业人员的专业素养和水景设计水平。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the protection of wetland resources, the construction of city wetland, water pollution remediation and restoration of aquatic vegetation in the city river, water landscape application and other aspects of the rapid development of aquatic plants, with its unique ornamental value, rapid growth, fast breeding, etc. few diseases and insect pests, so it has great garden application. Application of aquatic plants in water landscape, can not only add to the water taste, soft embankment curve, the water can also be improved and lively and vivid, and protect the water environment, the monitoring and control of air pollution, promote people's health. This study takes Shanghai City Comprehensive Park of aquatic plants as the object, through access to the relevant literature and field survey statistics of species and distribution of urban comprehensive park of aquatic plants in Shanghai city. The first selected Shanghai city comprehensive park with aquatic plant landscape Huang Xing Park - Shanghai City, Daning Century Park, Lingshi Park, 14 Park in Changfeng Park, respectively from the plant species, ornamental characteristics, growth status, investigating in detail several aspects of community characteristics; secondly, analyzes the results of the survey from the following aspects, one is the analysis and application of frequency distribution of plants, two is the analysis of landscape characteristics, the three is the analysis of plant community, the four is the analysis of invasive species and trends; aquatic plant landscape analysis, including water form, application of aquatic plants in different water, aquatic plants on the relationship with the surrounding environment; again using aesthetic effect theory of ecology and landscape aesthetics principle of aquatic plants, ecological effect and economic effect were analyzed; the form of on-site visits to draw relevant opinions of visitors aquatic plant landscape comprehensive park And view; comparison and analysis were made on the current status of the aquatic plant application, points out the existing application of aquatic plants in Shanghai city comprehensive park in the problem, put forward the feasible suggestions have practical significance for the design, the aquatic plant landscape, to provide reference and guidance for construction and maintenance management. The research results show that: 1. according to the literature and field survey statistics, the main city comprehensive park of aquatic plants in Shanghai city a total of 31 species, belonging to 18 families and 30 genera, of which there are 19 kinds of emergent plants, 5 floating leaved plants, floating plants have 3 species, the application of submerged plant is comprehensive park district has 4 kinds of aquatic plants in Shanghai city.2., which Century Park, Jingan Park, Lu Xun park used aquatic plants were obviously higher than other parks, health park aquatic plant species and single, Huang Xing park is only used in the Lotus Park should be. With the highest frequency of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) (Acorus, calamus), calamus Lotus (Nymphaea spp..3.) and other main ornamental aquatic plants for the summer season, most of the ornamental aquatic plants are concentrated in 4-10 months. The main ornamental characteristics of aquatic plants have flowers, foliage and posture of three types. According to the habitat of aquatic plants and aquatic plant life form is divided into communities of emergent plant communities, floating plant communities and submerged plant communities in these parks in.4. lake, accounted for the vast majority of total water area, almost every park is a large area of the lake as the main landscape park, pool more applications, and the stream is very few. In a large area of the aquatic plants in the lake mainly by a large number of Lotus (Myriophyllum verticillatum) and Myriophyllum; species pool used aquatic plants are more general than fine streams of water; Onion (Scirpus validus), Wild Iris and other natural landscape to create.5. aquatic plant landscape effect to a great extent and the surrounding environment has a great relationship with the surrounding aquatic plants, plants, buildings, pieces between general volume, color, composition combination collocation, aesthetic effect to create a landscape of aquatic aquatic plants.6. good plants including layout, level, color and artistic conception. The whole Shanghai city comprehensive park, aquatic plants such as wild type in the layout, landscape type, bedding type and comparison of four forms, the comprehensive park survey, aquatic plant color collocation sense is not very strong in.7. survey study on aquatic plant application problems, put forward some suggestions, according to the Shanghai local conditions, the proper use of some new varieties or native plants, focusing on ecological function, improve The professional literacy and water landscape design level of the aquatic plant landscape practitioners.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986.5

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