热带森林NPP时空变化及其气候响应的对比分析

发布时间：2018-02-27 01:29

本文关键词： 热带森林 NPP 全球变化区域对比分析　出处：《中国科学院大学(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：热带森林是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,其碳汇作用受到全球变化的影响并对其产生反馈,研究分析热带森林碳汇强度的时空变化及其气候响应,对理解热带森林与气候变化的相互作用关系、进一步认识全球热带森林碳汇变化机制具有重要意义。植被净初级生产力(NPP)是植物光合作用有机物质的净创造,作为表征陆地生态过程的关键参数,是理解地表碳循环过程重要组成部分。已有不少研究对热带森林与气候变化的相互作用进行了分析与探索,但仍缺少较系统的区域对比分析,以及热带森林NPP空间分布格局特点的有关分析。基于上述问题,本文利用2001-2013年的MODIS数据及气候数据,通过时间序列分析、景观格局分析、相关性分析等方法,对全球热带NPP及其影响因素进行了对比分析。本文的主要研究内容和结论包括:(1)利用时序分析和景观格局分析方法对全球热带NPP的时空变化特征进行了研究,结果表明,2001-2013年亚马逊研究区西部及东南亚地区NPP明显减少,刚果盆地南部NPP明显增加。单位面积NPP高于1800 gC/m2的森林主要分布在亚马逊平原西部安第斯山脉东侧和马达加斯加岛东部地区;NPP低于600 gC/m2的森林主要分布在亚马逊流域研究区西南部、非洲上几内亚高原西部及印度半岛地区。2001-2013年间热带森林总NPP整体呈下降趋势,在2004年总NPP最高(约16.13 PgC),2005年最低(约14.83 PgC),在2004-2005和2009-2010年显著减少,2010年以后呈增加趋势。NPP减少较剧烈(-20gC/(m2·a))的森林主要分布在亚马逊研究区西部和东南亚研究区中部,NPP增加较显著(20 gC/(m2·a))的森林主要分布在刚果盆地南部地区。(2)利用单因子相关分析和多因子偏相关分析方法,对三大热带森林分布区NPP及其影响因子进行了对比,结果显示,亚马逊研究区NPP较高且稳定,东南亚研究区较低且不稳定;亚马逊研究区NPP受温度影响较大,刚果河研究区受树木覆盖率影响较大,东南亚研究区受温度、PAR影响较大。亚马逊研究区森林单位面积NPP和总NPP均为最高,刚果河研究区总NPP最低,东南亚研究区单位面积NPP最低。由景观格局分析得到,亚马逊研究区NPP斑块聚集度高,森林稳定性好;东南亚研究区NPP斑块破碎度高,森林稳定性差。亚马逊研究区整体温度较高,NPP变化受树木覆盖率及气候因子影响均较小,主要森林分布区NPP与温度和PAR呈负相关。刚果河研究区温度较低、PAR较高,森林NPP整体受树木覆盖率影响较大,气候因子中受PAR的影响较大。东南亚研究区降水较多,较为湿润,森林NPP与降水呈负相关,与温度、PAR呈正相关,受气候因子影响显著。(3)综合利用时间序列分析及相关性分析方法,对比分析了东南亚11国,包括5个热带湿润气候区国家和6个热带干旱气候区国家的NPP时空变化及其影响因子,结果表明,2001-2013年间,东南亚地区11国森林NPP明显减少,树木覆盖率变化较小,不同国家NPP变化及影响因子存在差异,其中热带干旱区国家受温度影响较大,热带湿润区国家受PAR影响较大。东南亚大部分国家树木覆盖率变化不大而NPP呈减少趋势,热带湿润气候区NPP减少更为明显。根据NPP大小和变化趋势可将11国森林分为NPP高且波动(缅甸、越南、老挝),NPP低且波动(泰国、柬埔寨),NPP在05-08年陡降(马来西亚、文莱、新家坡)和NPP缓慢下降(印度尼西亚、菲律宾、东帝汶)4种类型,其中第Ⅲ类气候响应最为敏感,第Ⅳ类对树木覆盖率响应敏感。热带干旱区国家森林NPP受到温度的主导作用较强,热带湿润区国家受PAR的主导作用较强。
[Abstract]:Tropical forest is an important part of the global carbon cycle, the effect of carbon sink by the global changes and generate feedback on the analysis of temporal and spatial variation of tropical forest carbon sink strength and its response to climate change, to understand the interaction between the tropical forests and climate change, has important significance to further understanding of the global tropical forest carbon sink change mechanism. Net primary productivity (NPP) is a net to create plant photosynthesis of organic matter, is a key parameter of terrestrial ecological process, is an important part of the process of understanding the surface carbon cycle. There is not a small study of interaction between forest and tropical climate change are analyzed and explored, but there is a lack of systematic analysis of regional comparison. And the analysis of pattern characteristics of tropical forest NPP spatial distribution. Based on the above problems, this paper uses MODIS data and climate data for 2001-2013 years, Through the time series analysis, landscape pattern analysis, correlation analysis and other methods, factors of tropical NPP global and its influence are analyzed. The main research contents and conclusions include: (1) analysis method for tropical NPP global spatial variation characteristics were studied by means of time series analysis and landscape pattern. The results show that the Western Amazon the study area for 2001-2013 years and Southeast Asia NPP decreased significantly, NPP in southern Congo basin increased significantly. NPP per unit area of more than 1800 gC/m2 are mainly distributed in the Amazon forest in the western plain of the eastern side of the Andes and the eastern part of Madagascar island area; NPP less than 600 gC/m2 forest mainly distributed in the southwestern part of the study area in the Amazon basin, Guinea plateau and West Africa the India Peninsula region between.2001-2013 tropical forest total NPP overall downward trend, in 2004 the highest total NPP (about 16.13 PgC), 2005 The lowest (about 14.83 PgC), in 2004-2005 and 2009-2010 years was significantly reduced after 2010 increased.NPP decreased more severe (-20gC/ (M2 - a)) of the forest is mainly distributed in the central region of Southeast Asia and the Western Amazon in the study area, NPP increased significantly (20 gC/ (M2 - a)) of the main forest distribution in the southern area of Congo basin. (2) using partial correlation analysis method of single factor analysis and multi factor of three tropical forest area NPP and its influencing factors were compared. The results show that the Amazon NPP the study area is high and stable, Southeast Asia research area is low and unstable; Amazon NPP the study area affected by temperature affected by tree coverage affected Congo River study area, Southeast temperature of the study area, PAR of the study area. The Amazon forest unit NPP and total NPP were the highest, the total NPP of the Congo river area is lowest, the Southeast Asia research area Area NPP is the lowest. By the analysis of landscape pattern of study area, the Amazon NPP plaque high degree of aggregation, forest stability; Southeast Asia research area NPP fragmentation is high, the high temperature stability. The whole forest Amazon research area, NPP change trees coverage rate and climatic factors are small, the main forest distribution area of NPP is negative correlation with temperature and PAR. The Congo River study area of low temperature, high PAR, NPP whole forest tree coverage affected climatic factors seriously affected by PAR. The more precipitation and more humid area of Southeast Asian Studies, was negatively correlated with precipitation and temperature in forest NPP, PAR positive correlation significantly affected by climatic factors. (3) the comprehensive utilization of time series analysis and correlation analysis method, comparative analysis of the 11 Southeast Asian countries, including NPP and the changes of national space-time 5 tropical moist climate region and 6 tropical arid climate region The results show that the impact factor, 2001-2013 years, Southeast Asia country forest NPP 11 significantly reduced, tree coverage changes smaller differences between the variations and influencing factors of NPP in different countries, including National Tropical arid areas affected by temperature, tropical humid zone countries by PAR influence. Most of the countries in Southeast Asia and NPP changes little tree coverage showed a decreasing trend, the tropical humid climate region NPP reduced more significantly. According to the size of NPP and the trend of the 11 national forests are divided into NPP high and volatile (Burma, Vietnam, Laos), NPP (Thailand, Kampuchea and the low volatility), NPP in 05-08 falls (Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore) slow down and NPP (Indonesia, Philippines, East Timor) 4 types, of which the third class climate was the most sensitive, sensitive to the response rate of type IV trees. Tropical arid country forest dominated by temperature is NPP The strong and humid regions in the tropics are dominated by the PAR.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S718.5

【参考文献】