民俗文化与20世纪80年代中后期先锋小说创作

发布时间：2018-02-28 07:32

本文关键词： 民俗文化先锋小说民间戏曲故事传说民俗信仰民俗仪式　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪80年代中期兴起的先锋文学思潮是中国当代文学史上的重要文学现象,以莫言、苏童、余华、扎西达娃、格非、马原等为代表的先锋作家在中国文坛掀起了一场声势浩大的文学变革。然而人们常常关注先锋作家对西方文学的吸收和运用,鲜少从传统民俗文化方面研究先锋小说。其实,先锋小说在以反传统的面貌出现之时,也与中国传统民俗文化结缘和互动,并从传统文化中自觉或不自觉地汲取文学养料。民俗是特定区域、特定族群中具有普遍经验的生活文化,它既是一种文化现象,又是一种民间生活现象。民俗文化是一个国家地区或民族世代承袭和延续的民间文化,它是集体智慧的结晶,并借由民众口头和行为心理表现出来,包括宗教、信仰、法律、道德、文学、艺术等创造,这些以口耳相传方式进行传承的民俗事象,有着足够的影响力对民众的行为和心理产生约束。先锋作家作为文学创作的主体,有着自身的民俗文化养成和情结,特定地域的民俗生活经历以及作家自身的人生经历和民俗意识等都对其文学创作产生影响,它们制约着作家的思维方式和行为方式,并且给予作家丰富的创作灵感和素材。本文从民俗文化角度审视80年代中后期先锋小说的创作,运用民俗文化学理论分析该时期的先锋小说创作。论文主要从四个方面展开分析:首先,民间戏曲的汲取上,先锋小说充分吸收传统戏曲精髓,如莫言小说对民间说唱、茂腔的运用,有利小说人物形象的塑造和文本形式的展开;苏童小说对苏州评弹的“敷演”、“关子”、“弄堂”等技巧的借鉴,有利小说张弛有度的叙事节奏的形成。其次,民间故事传说的运用上,先锋小说运用大量故事传说作为叙事素材,着重挖掘民间故事传说的神秘意蕴,对莫言、扎西达娃小说中神秘世界的形成产生重要影响。再次,民俗信仰的刻画上,祖先崇拜、巫鬼信仰以及术数文化的渗透,为先锋小说带来神秘灵性、诡异迷离的叙述效果。最后,在民俗仪式的运用上,先锋小说对婚嫁仪式、丧葬仪式、祭祀仪式和节日仪式的着墨,有利小说情节的发展并为主题的表达提供特殊的民俗文化氛围。论文从以上四个方面展开论述,以期扭转以往对先锋小说“全盘西化”的印象,揭示为人所忽视的文学景观和审美追求。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1980s, the vanguard literary trend of thought was an important literary phenomenon in the history of Chinese contemporary literature. The vanguard writers, such as Ma Yuan, have set off a tremendous literary revolution in Chinese literary circles. However, people often pay attention to the absorption and application of western literature by pioneer writers, and seldom study vanguard novels from the aspects of traditional folk culture. In fact, When the avant-garde novels appeared in the face of anti-tradition, they were also related to and interacted with Chinese traditional folklore culture, and absorbed literature nourishment consciously or unconsciously from the traditional culture. Folklore is a special region. The life culture with universal experience in a particular ethnic group is not only a cultural phenomenon but also a folk life phenomenon. Folklore culture is a folk culture inherited and continued from generation to generation in a country, region or nation, and it is the crystallization of collective wisdom. And through the oral and behavioral psychology of the people, including religion, belief, law, morality, literature, art and so on, these folklore events passed down by word of mouth. As the main body of literary creation, vanguard writers have their own folklore culture cultivation and complex. The folklore life experience of the specific region, the writer's own life experience and folk custom consciousness all have an influence on his literary creation, which restrict the writer's way of thinking and behavior. This paper examines the creation of pioneer novels in the middle and late period of 80s from the perspective of folklore culture. This paper analyzes the pioneer novel creation in this period by using the theory of folk culture. The thesis mainly analyzes from four aspects: first, the absorption of folk opera, the avant-garde novel fully absorbs the essence of traditional opera, such as Mo Yan's novel to folk rap. The use of Mao cavity is beneficial to the creation of characters and the development of text form; Su Tong's reference to Suzhou's techniques such as "application", "Guan Zi", "lane Tang" and so on, is conducive to the formation of the narrative rhythm of the novel Zhang Chi. In the use of folklore legends, pioneer novels use a large number of stories and legends as narrative materials, focusing on the mysterious implications of folklore legends, which have an important impact on the formation of mysterious world in Mozilla and Zasidawa's novels. Again, The depiction of folklore, the worship of ancestors, the belief of witches and ghosts and the infiltration of the culture of magic and numbers bring mysterious, spiritual and eerie narrative effects to the vanguard novels. Finally, in the application of folklore rituals, the vanguard novels have a marriage ceremony. Funeral ceremonies, sacrificial ceremonies and festival ceremonies are conducive to the development of the plot of the novel and provide a special folk cultural atmosphere for the expression of the theme. In order to reverse the previous impressions of "total westernization" of vanguard novels, to reveal the neglected literary landscape and aesthetic pursuit.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I207.42

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