基于森林结构遥感反演的大熊猫生境适宜性评价

发布时间：2018-03-10 09:18

本文选题：大熊猫生境　切入点：森林结构　出处：《云南师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大熊猫作为中国特有的珍稀物种,其生活方式独特且只适应在特定群落结构的森林环境下生存,森林组成和结构以及森林生态系统生态功能的变化都会影响大熊猫的生存状态。目前,基于森林结构分析的大熊猫生境适宜性评价研究比较少见,因此大熊猫生境的森林结构信息将成为大熊猫生境变化研究的一个重要内容。本论文以卧龙大熊猫保护区为研究区,结合卫星遥感影像和地面实测样方数据进行大熊猫生境分析,主要研究内容及分析结果如下:(1)森林结构参数遥感反演与变化分析。利用研究区Landsat影像获取植被指数分布,并利用SPSS软件建立植被指数与实测数据(叶面积指数、无截取散射指数)的关系模型,反演保护区森林空间结构。结果显示:2001-2014年卧龙自然保护区森林叶面积指数降低,叶面积指数大于4的面积减少了4.12%,森林开阔度值大于0.2的区域面积增加了5%,森林郁闭度值大于0.9的区域面积减少了0.25%,森林植被覆盖度值大于0.8的区域面积减少了22.94%。(2)生境适宜性评价。基于大熊猫痕迹点对应的生境条件提取适宜生境的生态因子特征(地形因子、森林结构因子与道路干扰因子),并将这些因子作为大熊猫生境的影响因子进行适宜性评价。结果显示:2001-2014年基于自然因子分析的大熊猫适宜生境总面积减少53.09 km2,其中最适宜、次适宜面积分别减少3.28 km2、49.81 km2;另外,由于道路修建造成大熊猫适宜生境总面积减少49.22 km2,其中最适宜、次适宜分别减少2.59 km2、46.63 km2。(3)适宜生境景观格局分析。基于Patch Analysis模块选取景观斑块指数进行计算,并分析在不同时间和不同适宜条件下大熊猫适宜生境斑块面积和形状指数的变化。结果显示:2001-2014年由于自然因子条件限制,大熊猫适宜生境景观斑块总面积减少1417.92ha,适宜生境斑块的平均面积减少0.31ha,斑块面积标准差增加0.51,斑块平均形状指数增加0.02。当以穿过保护区的一条省道作为人类干扰因子对大熊猫适宜生境斑块进行景观格局分析时,大熊猫适宜生境景观斑块总面积减少1065.29 ha,斑块平均面积减少0.02 ha,斑块面积标准差增加0.54,平均斑块形状指数增加0.02,此结果表明该地区的适宜生境破碎化加重。
[Abstract]:As a unique and rare species in China, the giant panda has a unique lifestyle and is only suitable for survival in a forest environment with a specific community structure. Changes in forest composition and structure, as well as the ecological functions of forest ecosystems, will affect the survival status of giant pandas. At present, studies on the habitat suitability assessment of giant pandas based on forest structure analysis are rare. Therefore, the forest structure information of giant panda habitat will become an important part of the study of giant panda habitat change. In this paper, Wolong Giant Panda Reserve is taken as the research area. The habitat of giant panda was analyzed with satellite remote sensing image and ground measured sample data. The main research contents and results were as follows: 1) inversion and change analysis of forest structure parameters. The vegetation index distribution was obtained by Landsat image in the study area. The relationship between vegetation index and measured data (leaf area index, no cross-scattering index) was established by using SPSS software to invert the forest spatial structure of the protected area. The results showed that the forest leaf area index of Wolong Nature Reserve decreased from 2001 to 2014. The area with leaf area index greater than 4 decreased by 4.12, the area of area with forest broadness greater than 0.2 increased by 5, the area with forest canopy value greater than 0.9 decreased by 0.25, and the area with forest vegetation coverage greater than 0.8 decreased. 22.942.2.The assessment of habitat suitability. Based on the habitat conditions corresponding to giant panda trace points, the ecological factor characteristics (topographic factors) of suitable habitat were extracted. Forest structure factors and road disturbance factors were used to evaluate the suitability of giant panda habitat. The results showed that the total area of suitable habitat of giant panda was reduced by 53.09 km ~ 2 from 2001 to 2014. In addition, due to the construction of roads, the total area of suitable habitat for giant pandas was reduced by 49.22 km2, among which, Analysis of landscape pattern of suitable habitat by reducing 2.59 km ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (2 +) ~ 46.63 km ~ (2 / 3) respectively. Based on Patch Analysis module, landscape patch index was selected to calculate. The changes of patch area and shape index of giant panda suitable habitat for different time and suitable conditions were analyzed. The results showed that: 2001-2014 was restricted by natural factors. The total area of suitable habitat patch of giant panda decreased by 1417.92ha. the average area of suitable habitat patch decreased 0.31ha. the standard deviation of patch area increased 0.51and the average shape index of patch increased 0.02.When a provincial road passing through the protected area was used as human disturbance, the patch area standard deviation increased by 0.51. Factors were used to analyze the landscape pattern of suitable habitat patches for giant panda. The total patch area of suitable habitat of giant panda decreased by 1065.29 haa, the average patch area decreased 0.02 haa, the standard deviation of patch area increased 0.54, and the average patch shape index increased 0.02, which indicated that the fragmentation of suitable habitat in this area was aggravated.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S718.6;S771.8

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