松嫩平原LUCC空间差异性分析

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:04

本文选题：松嫩平原　切入点：土地利用/覆被变化　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文以松嫩平原为研究区,采用1980、1995、2000、2010年四期土地利用变化数据为基础,将土地里利用和覆被类型分为耕地、林地、草地、水域、居民地、未利用地和沼泽湿地7种类型,分析了松嫩平原的LUCC的空间差异性,包括自然分区的变化过程和其驱动因子。因为松嫩平原无论是农业生产价值、社会价值还是生态价值都有着具足轻重的意义,所以对松嫩平原LUCC的研究有很重要的价值。具体研究内容及结论如下:(1)松嫩平原的土地利用类型被分为7类,其中面积最大的是耕地,其次是林地、草地和居民地。耕地面积持续增大;林地先减小后增加;草地一直在减少;水域面积是持续缩减的状态;居民地持续扩张中;沼泽湿地是在持续萎缩的状态;未利用地面积的波动幅度较大,不稳定。耕地、草地、居民地的面积变化主要表现在第三自然区;林地的变化主要表现在第四自然区;水域的面积变化主要发生在第五自然区;湿地则主要表现在第一自然区。(2)研究区的土地利用程度和土地利用动态度等指数显示出:在所研究的时间区间内耕地增长速度先减小后增加;居民地的增长速度一直处于增长状态;草地的减少速度是先增加后减少;林地面积先减少后增加,林地增加速度逐年上升;沼泽湿地在后10年的减少速度极快;水域的减少速度逐年加快。30年间松嫩平原土地变化速度在不断的增加,速度变化趋势是由松嫩平原西部地区转向东部地区。经转移矩阵可知:草地、水域、湿地、林地对耕地增加贡献最大;耕地和草地对建设用地贡献最大;未利用地的增加,贡献最大的为草地、水域和湿地、耕地。由此可见,草原退化,湿地和水域大面积萎缩,盐碱地沙地增加,反映出区域城镇化进程加快和生态环境恶化的趋势。景观格局的演变特征在板块水平上显示出:(3)通过SPSS的主成分分析和GWR模型来揭示松嫩平原LUCC的驱动因子。耕地面积变化的驱动因子主要是人口增长、年降水量、农业发展;草地减少的驱动因子主要是人口增加、产业结构变化、农业生产等;居民地增加的驱动因子是人口增加、城市化的发展;沼泽湿地变化的驱动因子是降水、人口增加和农业的发展;林地变化的驱动因子主要是产业结构的变化和农业的大力发展;水域变化的驱动力主要是降水和第二产业总产值;未利用地变化不是很明显。
[Abstract]:Taking Songnen Plain as the study area, based on the data of land use change (LUCF) in the four periods of 1980-1995 and 2010, the land use and cover types were divided into 7 types: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, inhabitant land, unused land and marsh wetland, and was divided into three types: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, inhabitant land, unused land and marsh wetland. This paper analyzes the spatial difference of LUCC in Songnen Plain, including the changing process of natural zoning and its driving factors, because the value of agricultural production, social value and ecological value of Songnen Plain are of great significance. Therefore, the study of LUCC in Songnen Plain is of great value. The specific research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1) the land use types of Songnen Plain are divided into 7 types, of which the largest area is cultivated land, followed by woodland. Grassland and residential land. The cultivated land area continues to increase; the forestland decreases first, then increases; the grassland decreases all the time; the water area area is continuously reduced; the resident land continues to expand; the marsh wetland is in the state of shrinking continuously; The area change of cultivated land, grassland and inhabitant land is mainly in the third natural area, the change of forest land is mainly in the 4th natural area, the area of water area mainly changes in 5th natural area. Wetland is mainly manifested in the first natural area. 2) the index of land use degree and land use dynamic attitude in the study area shows that: the growth rate of cultivated land decreases first and then increases in the time interval studied; The growth rate of residential land is always in the state of growth; the decreasing rate of grassland is first increasing and then decreasing; the area of woodland decreases first and then increases, the increase rate of forest land increases year by year, the rate of decline of marsh wetland in the following 10 years is extremely fast; The decreasing rate of water area is accelerating year by year. 30 years ago, the rate of land change in Songnen Plain is increasing, and the trend of the change is from the western area of Songnen Plain to the eastern region. Through the transfer matrix, we can know: grassland, water area, wetland, Forest land contributes the most to the increase of cultivated land; cultivated land and grassland contribute most to construction land; the increase of unused land contributes most to grassland, waters and wetlands, arable land. The increase of saline-alkali sandy land, The evolutional characteristics of landscape pattern at the plate level showed that the evolution of landscape pattern revealed the driving factors of LUCC in Songnen Plain by SPSS principal component analysis and GWR model. The main driver of land area change is population growth, The main driving factors of grassland decrease are population increase, industrial structure change, agricultural production, etc. The driving factors of marsh wetland change are precipitation, population increase and agricultural development, the main driving factors of forest land change are the change of industrial structure and the development of agriculture, the driving force of water area change is mainly precipitation and the gross output value of the second industry. Unused land changes are not obvious.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901

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