黄浦江河岸带土地利用变迁及其水质响应关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:34

本文选题：黄浦江　切入点：土地利用变化　出处：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的不断加快,城市河流的生态问题愈发突出,而城市河流河岸带活动是影响城市河流水生态环境的重要因素。本文以上海市黄浦江为例,在对黄浦江河岸带土地利用及景观结构时空变化解译分析的基础上,利用RDA回归分析法研究黄浦江河岸带景观结构与河流水质的响应关系,最后采用现场调查与GIS解译分析相结合的方法研究黄浦江下游河岸带特征及其与水质关系,并对未来河岸带规划提出相关建议。论文主要工作与结论如下：(1)通过计算黄浦江两岸5000m缓冲区范围内土地利用动态度、转移矩阵及重要度并分析土地利用变化,通过在景观水平、斑块类型水平上计算景观指数并探讨分析景观格局时空变化,结果表明：①随着城市化的不断推进,黄浦江河岸带大量城市建设用地、工业用地、道路交通用地、城市绿地及上游林地在不断增多,农业用地在迅速减少,水域面积也有所缩减,土地利用转化主要为农业用地向建设用地、工业用地及道路交通用地转化；②在黄浦江上中下游河岸带2000m范围内土地利用时空变化上(1965-2010),农业用地、水域不断减少,工业用地、建设用地不断增加,2010年上游以农业用地和林地为主,中游以建设用地为主,下游以工业用地及建设用地为主；③人类活动的不断加强导致黄浦江河岸带土地利用类型不断丰富化,斑块破碎度不断增加,空间异质性增强,各种景观斑块分布呈现分散又聚集的现象。经过近五十年的发展演变,在黄浦江中下游建设用地、工业用地及道路交通用地已经取代农业用地成为优势用地类型。(2)利用冗余分析(RDA)法研究河岸带景观变量与黄浦江水质的回归关系,分别通过在500m、1000m、2000m及5000m四个尺度上计算2013-2014年10个监测点水质(DO、NH3-N、CODmn等)与2010年土地利用景观变量(PLAND、LPI、ED及PD)及五年年报共25个监测点水质与各年份的土地利用景观变量的解释度及回归系数等。1)2013-2014年水质(汛期与非汛期)与2010年土地利用景观变量RDA分析结果显示：①景观变量为黄浦江水质变化的主要影响因素,各研究尺度上都有景观参数对水质表现出显著影响；②随着研究尺度的增大,显著景观变量也逐渐增多,表明景观变量对水质的贡献在区域尺度要大于河岸带尺度,工业用地、建设用地在区域尺度对水质影响更显著,汛期相对于非汛期显著景观变量更多,表明河流水质会受降雨径流等因素的影响；③水域用地在汛期及非汛期各研究尺度上对黄浦江水质都具有显著负效应,汛期时工业用地、建设用地在5000m尺度上对水质显著相关,非汛期时工业用地在5000m尺度上与水质变化显著相关。2)年报水质与各年份的土地利用景观变量RDA分析结构表明：①景观变量仍是黄浦江水质空间变化的主导因素,在1000-2000m尺度时,景观变量对水质空间分异的解释率为60-70%,在5000m尺度时,解释率为80.1%；②随着研究尺度的增大,显著景观变量也呈现增多的趋势,在500m尺度时,只有水域和农业用地为显著景观变量,在1000m后,道路交通用地、建设用地及城市绿地加入到显著变量中,景观变量对水质在区域尺度的解释度要大于河岸带尺度；③在500m尺度上,农业用地和水域表现出对DO的显著正相关,对其它水质参数(TP除外)显著负相关,当尺度大于1000m时,道路交通用地及建设用地表现出对主要水质参数(TN、NH3-N、BOD5、CODmn)的显著正相关,城市绿地表现出的显著正相关仍是一种伪相关,在5000m尺度上边界密度(ED)表现出对主要水质参数的显著正相关(DO、TP除外)；④2013-2014年水质数据及年报水质数据在RDA分析结果上基本一致：景观变量对水质变化的贡献起主要作用,区域效应对水质变化的影响要大于河岸带效应,景观变量对水质变化的相关性基本一致,例如农业用地及水域对DO呈正相关,工业用地、建设用地等对TN、NH3-N、CODmn等水质参数呈负相关。(3)选取黄浦江下游为研究河段,通过现场调查、GIS空间分析等研究方法,总结分析黄浦江下游河岸带特征及存在的主要问题,并针对未来河岸带规划提出建议。1)通过总结下游河岸带特征可知：①大量的工业、市政等用地占据了下游河岸带的公共资源,导致河岸带公共开放性差,河岸带的硬质化增加了污染物质向河流的迁移转化；②由于植被缓冲带基本处于被侵占的状态,导致河岸带缺乏能起到过滤污染物及保护生态等作用的连续植被带；③下游河岸带以工业、码头及仓储地为主的岸线利用能级偏低,功能转型是未来的发展方向。2)针对未来规划的建议：①在未来下游河岸带规划时,给防汛通道、观景平台、植被缓冲带预留空间,形成防汛安全、环境友好、功能优化的岸线；②规划实施后,置换出来的空地在专用防汛通道外建设横向连续的植被缓冲带(纵向宽度：50-200m)；③产业结构的调整建议除保留必要的市政设施和工业外,其它的工业企业实施转移,将河岸带原有以交通运输、仓储码头、工业企业为主的岸线功能向以金融贸易、现代工业、生态居住等为主的综合服务型功能转变。
[Abstract]:Along with the development of city, city river ecological problems become more prominent, and the City River riparian activity is an important factor affecting the ecological environment of city water river. This paper takes Shanghai city as an example in the Huangpu River, with land use and landscape structure of Huangpu River riparian spatial variation based on the analysis of the solution, the relationship between response RDA regression analysis of Huangpu River riparian landscape structure and river water quality characteristics, research methods the investigation and interpretation of GIS field analysis of the combination of the Huangpu River downstream riparian zone and its relationship with water quality, and puts forward some suggestions for the future planning of riparian zone. The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) through the calculation of Huangpu River 5000m the buffer within the scope of land use dynamic degree, the transfer matrix and the degree of importance and the analysis of land use change, through calculation at the landscape level, patch type level The landscape index and to analyze the change of landscape spatial pattern, the results show that: 1. As the city continues to advance, the Huang Pujiang river with a large number of city construction land, industrial land use, road traffic, city greenbelt and upstream forest growing, agricultural land in the rapid reduction of water area has shrunk, land use mainly for the conversion of agricultural land to construction land, industrial land and traffic land conversion; 2000m within the scope of land use change in the middle and lower reaches of the river with Huang Pujiang (1965-2010), agricultural land, waters are declining, industrial land, construction land increased from the upper reaches of agriculture in 2010 land and woodland, mainly in land to construction, downstream of the industrial land and construction land; strengthening the human activities in the Huang Pujiang riparian land use types continuously enriched, patch The continuously increasing, the increase of spatial heterogeneity, a variety of landscape patches showing the distribution of dispersion and aggregation phenomenon. After nearly fifty years of development and evolution, the construction land in the Huangpu River downstream, industrial land and traffic land has replaced the advantage of land use types of agricultural land has become. (2) using redundancy analysis (RDA) study on the method of regression relationship between riparian landscape variables and water quality of Huangpu River, respectively by 500m, 1000m, 10 years calculation of 2013-2014 water quality monitoring points 2000m and 5000m four scales (DO, NH3-N, CODmn) and the 2010 land use landscape variables (PLAND, LPI, ED and PD) landscape variables and the regression coefficient of.1 land use and five annual report of a total of 25 water quality monitoring points and each year (2013-2014 years) of water flood season and non flood season) and 2010 land use landscape variables RDA analysis results showed that: the landscape variables for Huangpu River water quality changes in the main The factors of the scale are landscape parameters showed significant influence on water quality; with the increase of the scale, significant landscape variables have gradually increased, showed that the contribution of water landscape variables at the regional scale than the riparian scale, industrial land, construction land in regional scale has more obvious impact on water quality compared with the non flood season, flood season was more variable landscape river water quality will be affected, showed that rainfall runoff and other factors; the water land scale in flood and non flood research on Huangpu River water quality has a significant negative effect, when the flood of industrial land, construction land in 5000m scale on water quality was significantly related to the non flood season when the industrial land in the 5000m scale and the change of water quality and water quality was significantly related to.2) annual report each year of land use landscape variables RDA structural analysis showed: the landscape variables still Huangpu River water quality The dominant factors of spatial variation in the 1000-2000m scale, landscape spatial difference on water quality variables accounted for 60-70%, in the 5000m scale, accounted for 80.1%; with the increase of the scale, significant landscape variables are also showing a growing trend, in the 500m scale, only water and agricultural land was the landscape variable, after 1000m, with road traffic, construction land and city green added to the significant variables in the landscape variables on the water quality in the regional scale interpretation level is greater than the riparian scale; the 500m scale, agricultural land and water show on DO was positively correlated to other quality parameters (except TP) had a significant negative correlation, when the scale is larger than 1000m, the traffic land and construction land showed the main water quality parameters (TN, NH3-N, BOD5, CODmn) a significant positive correlation, city green space showed a significant positive correlation is a pseudo phase In 5000m, the scale of edge density (ED) of main water quality parameters showed significant positive correlation (DO, except TP); the 2013-2014 year annual water quality data and water quality data are basically the same in the RDA analysis results: contribution of landscape variables to the change of water quality plays a major role in the region, influence effect on the change of water quality than the riparian landscape effect, related to the change of water quality variables are basically the same, such as agricultural land and waters of DO was positively related to industrial land, construction land and so on TN, NH3-N, CODmn and other water quality parameters were negatively correlated. (3) select the Huangpu River downstream of the river, through field investigation and research methods GIS spatial analysis, summarize the main problems of the Huangpu River downstream riparian characteristics and the existence, and for the future of riparian zone planning proposals.1) by summing up the River riparian features: a large number of industrial, municipal and other land According to the public resources in the lower reaches of riparian zone, riparian zone to open public, hard of riparian zone increased conversion of pollutants into the river migration; due to the vegetation buffer zone in the occupation of the state, resulting in the lack of riparian zone can be filtered pollutants and protect the ecological effects of continuous vegetation zone; 3 the downstream riparian zone in the industrial, wharf and warehousing based shoreline use level is low, the function transformation is the future development direction of.2) for future planning suggestion in the future downstream riparian zone planning, to the flood control channel, the viewing platform, the reserved space vegetation buffer zones to form the safety of flood prevention, environment friendly, function optimization the shoreline; after the implementation of the plan, the replacement of open space in the special flood control channel construction with continuous vegetation buffer transverse (longitudinal width: 50-200m); the industrial structure adjustment on the renovation except for Paul The necessary municipal facilities and other industrial enterprises should be transferred to transform the riparian transport functions, which are mainly transportation, storage terminals and industrial enterprises, to the comprehensive service functions mainly based on financial trade, modern industry and ecological residence.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;F301.2

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