湘赣闽丘陵山区林地土壤养分特性研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 08:42

本文选题：湘赣闽丘陵山区　切入点：林地　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湘赣闽丘陵山区地域辽阔,水热充沛,自然资源丰富,居于我国南方丘陵山区的核心区,区位条件优越,经济水平发达,在我国的生态环境保护与社会经济发展建设中都处于举足轻重的地位。但该区地形起伏,多山地丘陵,土壤抗蚀性差而易发生水土流失;同时,山地过度开发带来强烈的人为干扰作用,使得湘赣闽丘陵山区又成为我国一个典型土壤生态脆弱性区域。林地在水土保持,水源涵养和生态环境改善等方面的功能显著。土壤是林地生态系统重要的组成部分,林地的土壤养分对林地生产力具有重大影响,持久地维持和提高土壤养分状况是林地生态系统稳定和林业可持续发展的重要因素。因此,探讨湘赣闽丘陵山区林地土壤养分的空间分异特征及其环境影响因素,并将其应用到指导林地的生产和实践中,会对该区域林地的生产和生态环境的保护产生积极而长远的影响。本文通过对湘赣闽丘陵山区研究区进行样地布设与土壤采样,获得土壤样品194个,记录采样地经纬度和高程信息,植被类型、林地类型、植被覆盖度等景观信息,施肥、灌溉等人类影响因素,以及实测获得的采样地pH值信息;结合实验室分析,得出土壤有机质,总氮,速效磷,速效钾含量信息,并通过采样位置信息提取当地的降水和温度等环境信息。运用经典统计学分析方法以及修正的内梅洛综合指数法对研究区全区以及不同分类范畴下的土壤养分基本统计特征、土壤综合肥力状况、土壤空间变异性、以及土壤养分受环境因素的影响评价做了相关研究,得出主要结论如下:(1)通过对土壤养分含量的基本描述性统计,以及对各养分含量的分级占比的计算,得出湘赣闽丘陵山区的林地表层有机质含量在我国整体处于较高的含量水平;速效磷养分整体缺乏,比我国平均水平低;土壤全氮含量处在我国的中高水平;速效钾含量处于中等偏低的水平;我国磷总体不足,水平较低;土壤pH值明显低于我国的平均水平,土壤整体偏酸性。(2)应用修正的内梅罗指数法,进行湘赣闽丘陵山区土壤养分的综合评价上,结果显示,该区域全体及各分类范畴下的分肥力系数都是有机质最高,速效磷最低;pH值的分肥力等级都为中等;且土壤综合肥力评语都为中等。不同山区分类下综合肥力系数表现为赣闽山区湘西山区湘赣边界山区;随着从丘陵海拔、低山海拔到中山海拔海拔等级的升高,综合肥力系数同有机质、全氮和pH值的分肥力系数一起都不断增高;不同林地类型中,综合肥力系数表现为灌木林阔叶林针阔混交林竹林针叶林;比较天然林和人工林下的结果,除了速效磷含量以外,土壤有机质、土壤全氮、土壤速效钾及土壤pH值的分肥力系数以及综合肥力系数都是人工林低于天然林。(3)对土壤养分的空间变异性方面的研究表明,湘赣闽丘陵山区全体及各分类范畴下的分变异系数都是速效磷最高,大多呈强变异;pH最低,大多呈弱变异。随着从丘陵到低山再到中山的海拔等级的升高,有机质与pH值的分变异系数不断减小;全氮与速效磷的分变异系数以及土壤综合变异系数不断增加。在对南方丘陵全区进行不同分类范畴的分类后,各分类范畴下的土壤综合变异系数都小于全区的综合变异系数,说明了空间变异性评价的尺度依赖性,对样本进行分类分组分析,适当的减小尺度可降低土壤养分的空间变异性。(4)将综合变异系数与综合肥力系数结合来看,不同的山区分类下,赣闽山区具有较低的养分变异性和最高的综合肥力系数,从养分优势和养分稳定性两方面综合表明了赣闽山区较为优势的土壤肥力状况。不同林地类型分类下,针叶林不仅有最高的空间变异性,又有最低的综合肥力系数,呈现出最为劣势的土壤肥力状况;阔叶林地具有最低的养分变异性和较高的综合肥力系数,有较为优势的土壤肥力状况。天然林较人工林有较低的土壤空间变异性和较高的土壤综合肥力,有更为优势的土壤整体养分状况,对维持土壤的自肥能力方面有更大的潜力。(5)对于通过K-S正态性检验的土壤性状及其环境因素进行经典统计分析,结果表明:1)皮尔逊相关系数显示研究区内的有机质、全氮和pH值都与海拔表现为正相关关系,而与温度平均表现为负相关关系。2)对气候、地理和植被等三个方面的环境参数进行分级归类划分后,方差分析可以显示不同等级的环境参数对其土壤养分含量造成的影响存在着显著性差异。3)逐步多元线性回归分析法表明,对有机质和全氮养分含量来说,海拔高度和温度平均是其决定性环境影响因子,其中,海拔对其含量的影响呈正相关,温度对其含量的影响呈负相关;对于pH值,只有温度平均可进入线性回归模型,可解释pH值变异比例为22.90%。
[Abstract]:The Hunan Jiangxi Fujian Hilly Region is vast, with plenty of water and heat, rich natural resources, is the core area of our country in southern hilly region, advantageous geographical conditions, economic level of developed, is in a pivotal position in China's ecological environment protection and social economic development in the construction. But the area of undulating terrain, mountains, soil resistance poor erosion prone to soil erosion; at the same time, the excessive development of mountain strong effect to bring human interference, the Hunan Jiangxi Fujian hilly mountain area has become a typical ecological fragile soil in China. In the forest soil and water conservation, water conservation and ecological environment improvement function significantly. Soil is an important part of ecological system woodland, woodland soil nutrients have a significant impact on the forest productivity, maintain and improve soil nutrient status is forest ecosystem stability and sustainable development of forestry Factors. Therefore, the factors of different characteristics and environmental effects of soil nutrients in the hilly area of Hunan Jiangxi Fujian space, and its application to the production and practice of forest, and positive influence on the long-term protection of regional forest production and ecological environment. This article through to the Hunan Jiangxi Fujian in the hilly area of the study area layout and soil sampling, soil samples 194, record the sampling longitude and elevation information, vegetation types, forest types, vegetation coverage and other landscape information, fertilization, irrigation and other human factors, and the sample pH value information; combined with laboratory analysis, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content information, and through the sampling position information extraction of precipitation and temperature in the local environment information. By using the classical statistical analysis method and comprehensive index method of modified Luo plums Basic statistics on Soil Nutrient Characteristics of the study area and the different categories of integrated soil fertility, soil spatial variability of soil nutrients, and affected by environmental factors evaluation was studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the basic descriptive on soil nutrient content and the content of the statistics, classification nutrient proportion calculation, the Hunan Jiangxi Fujian hilly mountain forest soil organic matter content in our country overall in the relatively high content of phosphorus nutrient; lack of overall, than the average level of our country is low; soil total nitrogen content in our country's high level; the content of available potassium was at the low level in our country; the overall lack of phosphorus, low level; soil pH value was significantly lower than the average level of our country, the soil is acidic. (2) using the modified Nemero index method, Ling mountain soil nutrient Hunan hill in Fujian Evaluation results show that, the region divided fertility coefficients and the whole category is under the highest organic matter, available phosphorus is lowest; fertility level pH value is moderate; and soil fertility are moderate. Reviews of fertility coefficient in different classification performance under the Jiangxi Fujian Mountainous Areas in the mountainous area of Xiangxi Hunan in the hilly mountainous area; with altitude, low altitude to higher altitude mountain Zhongshan level, fertility coefficient with organic matter, total nitrogen and soil fertility coefficient pH value were increased; different forest types, fertility coefficient for bamboo forest shrub broad-leaved coniferous forest coniferous forest and natural forest; comparison under the artificial forest results, in addition to the content of available phosphorus, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, soil fertility coefficient K and soil pH value and fertility coefficient is lower than natural forest plantation (3) on the soil. Study on spatial variability of soil nutrients showed that the coefficient of variation of all the Hunan Jiangxi Fujian branch in hilly area and each category is under the highest available phosphorus, mostly showed strong variability; pH is the lowest, mostly showed weak variation. With the increase from the hills to the low mountain to Zhongshan level, the variation coefficient of organic matter with the pH value decreases; the variation coefficient of total nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus and soil comprehensive variability coefficient increasing. In the classification of the different categories of Southern Hills after the comprehensive variability coefficient of soil comprehensive coefficient of variation of each classification category are less than the region, describe the spatial variability of the scale dependent. Packet classification analysis of samples, the spatial variability of the appropriate scale can reduce the decrease of soil nutrients. (4) will be combined with the coefficient of variation and the integrated fertility index, in different classification, Jiangxi and Fujian The mountain has low nutrient variability and fertility of the highest coefficient, from the two aspects of nutrient and nutrient stability show that the comprehensive advantages of soil fertility in Jiangxi Fujian Mountainous Areas. More of the advantages of different forest types classification, coniferous forests not only have the spatial variability of the highest, and the lowest fertility coefficient, showing the most the soil fertility disadvantage; fertility coefficient of broad-leaved forest has the lowest nutrient variability and high soil fertility conditions, have more advantages. Soil fertility than natural forest plantations have lower spatial variability and higher soil nutrient status, there are more advantages, have a greater potential to maintain the soil self fertilization capacity. (5) the normality test of soil properties and environmental factors by K-S classical statistical analysis, the results show that: 1) shows the Pearson correlation coefficient. The organic matter in the region, total nitrogen and pH value and there was a positive correlation between the altitude and average temperature, and showed a negative correlation between.2) on climate, environment parameters of three aspects of geography and vegetation classification classification, variance analysis can show the impact of environmental parameter in different grades of soil the nutrient content caused by the existence of significant differences.3) analysis shows that the stepwise multiple linear regression, the nutrient content of organic matter and total nitrogen, altitude and average temperature is the decisive environmental impact factors, the influence of altitude on its contents were positively correlated, negatively related to the effect of temperature on the content of the pH value; the average temperature only, can enter the linear regression model can explain the variation of pH value ratio of 22.90%.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.8

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